The Caenorhabditis elegans innexin INX-20 regulates nociceptive behavioral sensitivity.

Organisms rely on chemical cues in their environment to indicate the presence or absence of food, reproductive partners, predators, or other harmful stimuli. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the bilaterally symmetric pair of ASH sensory neurons serves as the primary nociceptors. ASH activation by aversive stimuli leads to backward locomotion and stimulus avoidance.

Phosphorylation of RGS regulates MAP kinase localization and promotes completion of cytokinesis.

Yeast use the G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway to detect and track the mating pheromone. The G-protein-coupled receptor pathway is inhibited by the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) Sst2 which induces Gα GTPase activity and inactivation of downstream signaling. G-protein signaling activates the MAPK Fus3, which phosphorylates the RGS; however, the role of this modification is unknown.