A clinical case of identical twins with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, primary empty sella syndrome and identified rare gene variant.

Key Clinical Message: Empty sella syndrome is a complex syndrome with a diverse clinical presentation. The combination with functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a real challenge for the clinician. Mutations in the CHD7 gene could be a possible, yet unproven, cause of "empty sella" syndrome.

Serum Levels of Incretin Hormones - GLP-1 and GIP in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the glucose- dependent Insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are natural incretin hormones, which are secreted respectively by the L- and K-cells of the intestinal mucosa in response to the physiological gastrointestinal glucose absorption. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the incretin effect is reduced, whereas the results in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are heterogeneous, in some patients normal incretin response is observed.

Aim: Comparative analysis of the basal serum levels of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP in patients with type 1 DM and in individuals without carbohydrate disorders.

Chronic Treatment with Opiate Agonists in Bulgaria - Assessing the Quality of Life Using SF 36 v. 2.

Introduction: Drug addictions to psychoactive substances are disorders with a complex bio-psycho-social genesis, which are characterized with chronic relapses. Substance addiction causes multifactorial damage to the normal functioning of individuals and requires a multicenter approach for the treatment process.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of patients undergoing chronic treatment with the opiate agonist methadone using a standardized questionnaire method in Bulgarian.