Optimizing yield and water productivity in summer mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) through crop residue management and irrigation strategies.

A multi-season research trial entitled 'crop residue management effects on yield and water productivity of summer mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) under different irrigation regimes in Indian Punjab' was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Regional Research Station (RRS), Bathinda, during rabi 2020 and 2021. The field experiment was conducted in a split-plot layout with nine treatment combinations and replicated thrice.

Performance assessment of VSC-based HVDC system in asynchronous grid interconnection: Offline and real-time validation of control design with symmetric optimum PI tuning.

Asynchronous interconnection is essential for integrating AC networks operating at different frequencies, typically 50 Hz and 60 Hz. This need arises from distributed power generation methods, including offshore renewable sources and diverse regional grid configurations. Advanced strategies are required to overcome these frequency differences and ensure uninterrupted power transfer.

Phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating filters based on counter-propagating cladding modes coupling.

In this paper, we comprehensively analyze counter-propagating cladding mode assisted phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and propose an ultra-narrow bandwidth laser line filter based on such gratings. Full vector modal analysis has been used to obtain the mode guiding and its coupling characteristics. We show that the transmission spectrum of the counter-propagating cladding mode assisted FBGs can be tailored by incorporating single or multiple phase shifts along the grating length.

Ultra-narrow linewidth transmission filters based on the cladding mode assisted Fabry-Perot effect in a planar waveguide.

We propose and analyze a counterpropagating cladding mode assisted tunable frequency Fabry-Perot interferometer formed by a Bragg grating (BG) cavity in a liquid crystal coated planar optical waveguide. A full vector modal analysis has been used to obtain the transmission spectra of the individual Bragg reflectors, and the cavity effects have been incorporated by employing a suitable phase matrix. We show that the cavity resonances that appear from two fiber BGs forming a resonator can be efficiently explained by incorporating appropriate phase shifts in one BG grating period.

Epidemiological determinants of COVID-19 in the police personnel: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Police are the frontline warriors who themselves are at risk of getting corona infection. This research with considerable sample size is the first of its kind to assess the epidemiological determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in the police personnel.

Material And Methods: The Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval and permission from police authorities were taken.

Sensing characteristics of grating assisted counterpropagating cladding modes in optical fibers.

In this paper, using full vector modal field analysis, we present physical parameter sensing, e.g., temperature, axial strain, bulk refractive index, and affinity sensing characteristics of counterpropagating cladding modes in optical fibers.

Ultrahigh sensitive long-period fiber grating-based sensor for detection of adulterators in biofuel.

An ultra-sensitive sensor based on dual resonance long-period fiber gratings has been fabricated for the detection of methanol and water content in ethanol. The developed sensor is compact in size and light weight and employs a highly accurate spectral interrogation technique for adulterant detection, increasing its applicability compared to conventional surface plasmon resonance based sensors, which are generally expensive, as they require metal film deposition. We demonstrate that the sensor is capable of achieving sensitivity of 802.

The drivers of sustained use of liquified petroleum gas in India.

Ninety-five per cent of Indian households now have access to liquified petroleum gas (LPG), with 80 million acquiring it under the (PMUY) since 2016. Still, having a connection is not enough to eliminate household air pollution. Studying panel data from rural households in six major states from 2014-2015 and 2018, we assess the determinants of cooking energy transition from solid fuels to LPG.

Sustained LPG use requires progress on broader development outcomes.

While the has been instrumental in increasing India's liquefied petroleum gas adoption, sustained use depends on factors such as regularity of income and ease of access to free-of-cost biomass. To ensure sustained use after adoption, interventions in clean cooking energy must tie in with broader rural development.

Evaluation of the Universal Immunization Program and Challenges in Coverage of Migrant Children in Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.

Background: Studies show that immunization among migrant children is poor. India has a dropout rate of 17.7% between Bacillus Calmette-Guιrin (BCG) and measles (District Level Household Survey (DLHS)-3).

Temperature insensitive single-mode-multimode-single-mode fiber optic structures with two multimode fibers in series.

We propose and demonstrate a temperature insensitive single-mode-multimode-single-mode fiber optic structure consisting of two in-series multimode fibers of appropriate lengths and of opposite temperature sensitivities. A simple approximate expression to estimate the required length ratio of the multimode fiber sections has also been derived whose prediction is found in good agreement with the experiment. The study should be useful in realizing various fiber optic devices based on multimode interference with zero temperature cross sensitivity.

Average and local atomic-scale structure in BaZrxTi(1-x)O3 (x = 0. 10, 0.20, 0.40) ceramics by high-energy x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.

High-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and total scattering XRD coupled to atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis studies of the atomic-scale structure of archetypal BaZrxTi(1-x)O3 (x = 0.10, 0.20, 0.

Low-loss terahertz waveguide Bragg grating using a two-wire waveguide and a paper grating.

We propose a low-loss terahertz waveguide Bragg grating (TWBG) fabricated using a plasmonic two-wire waveguide and a micromachined paper grating for potential applications in terahertz (THz) communications. Two TWBGs were fabricated with different periods and lengths. Transmission spectra of these TWBGs show 16 dB loss and 14 dB loss in the middle of their respective stop bands at 0.

Temperature insensitive high-precision refractive-index sensor using two concatenated dual-resonance long-period gratings.

In this Letter we report on fabricating and analyzing a temperature insensitive refractometer based on two concatenated dual-resonance long-period gratings (LPGs) with an appropriate inter-grating space (IGS) in between. The IGS provides a temperature-dependent extra phase difference between the core and cladding modes, making the refractometer similar to a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with its arms phase shifted. We demonstrate that an appropriate IGS can produce temperature-insensitive resonance wavelengths.

Resonant THz sensor for paper quality monitoring using THz fiber Bragg gratings.

We report fabrication of THz fiber Bragg gratings (TFBG) using CO(2) laser inscription on subwavelength step-index polymer fibers. A fiber Bragg grating with 48 periods features a ~4 GHz-wide stop band and ~15 dB transmission loss in the middle of a stop band. The potential of such gratings in the design of resonant sensors for the monitoring of paper quality is demonstrated.

Temperature-insensitive fiber-optic devices using multimode interference effect.

We show theoretically that the fiber-optic devices using single-multi-single mode fiber structures can be made temperature insensitive by properly adjusting the concentration of P(2)O(5) in the core region of the multimode fiber used. Taking an example of a parabolic index multimode fiber, we obtain the temperature-insensitive transmission spectrum and fiber-optic lens action for a core composition of 1.57 mol.

Long period grating based biosensor for the detection of Escherichia coli bacteria.

In this paper we report a stable, label-free, bacteriophage-based detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) using ultra sensitive long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs). Bacteriophage T4 was covalently immobilized on optical fiber surface and the E.

Synthesis and spectral characterization of ternary mixed-vanadyl β-diketonate complexes with Schiff bases.

A new method to synthesize some mononuclear ternary oxovanadium(IV) complexes of the general formula [VO(β-dike)(SB)] (where Hβ-dike=acetylacetone; benzoylacetone or dibenzoylmethane, HSB=Schiff bases) has been explored by stepwise substitutions of acetylacetonate ion of VO(acac)(2) with Schiff bases. The substituted acetylacetone could be fractionated out with p-xylene as an azeotrope. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, spectral (electronic, infrared, (1)H NMR, EPR and powder XRD) studies, magnetic susceptibility measurements and cyclic voltammetry.

Tunable wavelength division multiplexing channel isolation filter based on dual chirped long-period fiber gratings.

We propose and demonstrate a wavelength tunable wavelength division multiplexing channel isolation filter based on two concatenated chirped long-period fiber gratings (LPGs). An intergrating space (IGS), deliberately introduced between the two gratings, provides an extra phase difference between the core and cladding modes. Changing this phase by heating the IGS without affecting the gratings tunes the channels.

Bragg grating based biochemical sensor using submicron Si/SiO2 waveguides for lab-on-a-chip applications: a novel design.

A novel biochemical sensor based on a submicrometer size, high core-cladding index difference, silica core Si-SiO(2) waveguide with a Bragg grating written in its cladding region is proposed and analyzed. Waveguide parameters are optimized to obtain maximum sensitivity, and for lower refractive index samples, an optimum core width is found to exist for both the TE and the TM mode configurations. Owing to the high index contrast at the Si-SiO(2) interface, the structure is much more sensitive while operating in the TM mode configuration, showing extremely high sensitivity [200-740 nm refractive index units (RIU)] for the ambient refractive indices between 1.