Machine learning for the localization of Subthalamic Nucleus during deep brain stimulation surgery: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Delineating subthalamic nucleus (STN) boundaries using microelectrode recordings (MER) and trajectory history is a valuable resource for neurosurgeons, aiding in the accurate and efficient positioning of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes within the STN. Here, we aimed to assess the application of artificial intelligence, specifically Hidden Markov Models (HMM), in the context of STN localization.

Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was employed, encompassing electronic databases, including PubMed, EuroPMC, and MEDLINE.

Concomitant Occurrence of Peripheral Neuropathy and Vision Loss Due to Multivitamin Deficiency After Bariatric Surgery.

Vitamin deficiencies, especially after Bariatric surgery, are common and, when not properly addressed, can lead to debilitating complications. Bariatric procedures, to variable degrees, alter the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal; this alteration makes these patients more susceptible to developing nutritional deficiencies. Peripheral neuropathy is one of the complications that can arise from nutritional deficiencies, and it can cause severe functional impairment.

The Role of Platelet Rich Plasma in Vertebrogenic and Discogenic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose Of Review: The present investigation evaluates clinical uses and roles of platelet rich plasma in the management of vetrebrogenic and discogenic mediated pain states.

Recent Findings: Back pain is a common and significant condition that affects millions of people around the world. The cause of back pain is often complex and multifactorial, with discogenic and vertebrogenic pain being two subtypes of back pain.

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Postoperative Analgesia: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Recent research has shown the effectiveness of peripheral nerve stimulators (PNS) in managing chronic pain conditions. Ongoing studies aim to explore its potential application in treating acute postoperative pain states. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the role of PNS in providing relief for postoperative pain.

Evolving role of VIADISC for chronic low back and discogenic pain: a narrative review.

Introduction: Chronic lower back pain is a leading cause of disability and healthcare spending worldwide. Discogenic pain, pain originating from the intervertebral disk, is a common etiology of chronic lower back pain. Currently, accepted treatments for chronic discogenic pain focus only on the management of symptoms, such as pain.

Liquid biopsy in the setting of leptomeningeal metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The blood-brain barrier can prevent circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) derived from the central nervous system from entering the blood making it challenging to evaluate molecular features of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM). Accordingly, we sought to systematically compare the diagnostic power or significance of ctDNA derived from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared to plasma ctDNA in patients with LM.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed under the PRISMA guideline.

Cebranopadol for the Treatment of Chronic Pain.

Purpose Of Review: Regardless of the etiology, if pain persists chronically, it can detrimentally impact multiple aspects of a patient's well-being. Both physical and psychological effects are significant in many chronic pain patients. In this regard, psychological consequences can alter a patient's quality of life, functionality, and social functioning.

The Use of Oxytocin for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.

Nearly 27 million people have an opioid use disorder (OUD) according to the 2016 Global Burden of Disease study, most of which occur in the US where opioids are a common class of medication used to treat acute and chronic pain. In 2016 alone, more than 60 million patients had at least one prescription for opioids filled or refilled. Over the past decade, prescription rates have risen astronomically and have created an epidemic in the US dubbed the "opioid crisis.

Immune Thrombocytopenia and Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report.

Mass vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been safe and effective. The ongoing emergence of vaccine-induced complications has challenged the public trust in vaccination programs and, though uncommon, can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) is a rare and fatal complication of the COVID-19 vaccine.

COVID-19-Induced Seizures: A Meta-Analysis of Case Series and Retrospective Cohorts.

The adverse events and complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to challenge the medical profession despite the worldwide vaccination against the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. Other than typical respiratory manifestations, COVID-19 also presents a wide range of neurological manifestations. This article underlines the pooled incidence of COVID-19-induced seizures in patients with epilepsy and without epilepsy.

Viloxazine for the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Purpose Of Review: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widely diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder giving rise to symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness that can impair daily functioning. Stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the mainstay of treatment for ADHD. However, nonstimulant drugs such as viloxazine, atomoxetine, guanfacine, and clonidine are becoming more popular due to minimal adverse effects when compared to stimulants.

Daridorexant for the Treatment of Insomnia.

Purpose Of Review: Insomnia is a complex sleeping disorder that affects the lives of many individuals worldwide. Insomnia often occurs in the presence of coexisting comorbidities making it a complex disorder that requires a multifactorial approach to therapy. First-line therapy is cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I).

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-Associated Renal Vasculitis After COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a class of autoimmune diseases that can cause kidney failure because of mononuclear cell infiltration and the destruction of small and medium-sized blood vessels. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may trigger or exacerbate autoimmune diseases. We present a case of ANCA-associated vasculitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis after a COVID-19 infection, who presented with intermittent hemoptysis and dyspnea and was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia three weeks ago.

Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Mass vaccination against coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has effectively controlled the pandemic and has been remarkably effective and safe. Reports of a few adverse events have been reported after post-marketing surveillance. We present a rare case of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse in a female who presented with fatigue, involuntary eye movements, and numbness; autoimmunity following the COVID-19 vaccine has also been described.

Multiple Sclerosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Apart from respiratory manifestations, COVID-19 can affect the nervous system due to its neurotropic features. Neurological manifestations and complications include headache, polyneuropathies, cerebrovascular accidents, seizures, encephalopathy, and demyelinating disease.

Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A 2021 Update on Diagnosis, Management, and Current Challenges.

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience neuropsychiatric symptoms. The term neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) is a generic term that refers to a series of neurological and psychiatric symptoms directly related to SLE. In approximately 30% of patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms, SLE is the primary cause (NPSLE), and symptoms manifest more frequently around SLE onset.

Disease-modifying therapies and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background High efficacy disease modifying therapies (DMT) in the management of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have a favorable effect on relapse rate and disability progression; however, they can expose patients to significant risks, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Objective The study aims to investigate prognostic factors that can determine outcome in MS-related PML patients. Methods We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis of 194 patients from 62 articles in PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE.

Efficacy of Daratumumab-Based Regimens Compared to Standard of Care in Transplant-Eligible Multiple Myeloma: A Meta-Analysis.

Daratumumab (dara) belongs to a class of monoclonal antibodies that target CD38 receptors expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. It was first approved for MM treatment in 2015. The efficacy and safety of dara have been reported in many studies.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in West Virginia.

This study examines the clinical characteristics, outcomes and types of management in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, in the hospitals affiliated with West Virginia University. We included patients from West Virginia with SARS-CoV-2 infection between 15 April to 30 December 2020. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize the characteristics of patients.

Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Severity and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has affected over 180 countries, resulting in global mass death. It has been reported that patients with underlying disease are more likely to contract the disease and become critically ill. The impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the severity of COVID-19 has been underlined in the literature.

The Association of Acute Kidney Injury With Disease Severity and Mortality in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background and objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global healthcare emergency. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, has a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from subclinical infection to multi-organ failure. In addition to the respiratory system, COVID-19 also adversely affects the kidneys.