Step Ladder Expansive Cranioplasty: A Novel Perspective in Cranial Volume Augmentation Surgery.

 In face of a refractory raised intracranial pressure (ICP), surgeons most commonly resort to decompressive craniectomy (DC). Procedure leaves an unprotected brain underlying the craniectomy defect and Monro-Kellie doctrine: disrupted. Different variants of hinge craniotomies (HC) have been used with clinical outcomes comparable to DC as single stage alternatives.

Recurrent intramedullary epidermoid cyst of spinal cord: A rare entity.

Epidermoid cysts of the spinal cord without spinal dysraphisms are rare lesions and intramedullary cysts are still rarer. Approximately only over 60 cases are reported in literature worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging is the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis of these lesions.

Large Scale Mapping of Fractures and Groundwater Pathways in Crystalline Hardrock By AEM.

In hardrocks that cover about 20% of the Earth's surface, it is difficult to locate steady sources for groundwater due to inadequate understanding of the fracture networks. A comprehensive knowledge of fracture distribution at the regional scale is necessary to delineate sustainable aquifers and manage them efficiently. The resistivity maps derived from the airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey over the Ankasandra watershed in Karnataka, India, reveal sharp and deep zones of low formation resistivity, which indicate groundwater-bearing zones.

Idiopathic bilateral chronic subdural hematoma with left internal carotid artery infarct in a 3 months infant: A rare case report.

Spontaneous chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) in infants is extremely rare. A very limited number of cases are known and reported in literature. The clinical presentation can be myriad varying from asymptomatic cases to gross neurological deficits.

Combination of mechanical, alkaline and enzymatic treatments to upgrade paper-grade pulp to dissolving pulp with high reactivity.

A modified process consisting of an initial mechanical refining (R) followed by a low-alkali (5.5% NaOH) cold caustic extraction (CCE) and finally an endoglucanase (EG) treatment (R-5.5%CCE-EG) was investigated for upgrading paper-grade pulp to dissolving pulp.