Perspectives of In-Hospital Intramuscular Naltrexone and Oral Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Study of Addiction Clinicians and Hospitalized Patients.

Background: Alcohol-related hospitalizations are rising; however, medications for alcohol use disorder (M-AUD) are underprescribed despite their effectiveness to reduce heavy drinking. In-hospital administration of intramuscular (IM)-naltrexone may reduce negative health outcomes among people with AUD who are unable to take daily MAUD.

Objective: To assess addiction clinicians' perceptions of offering and administering IM-naltrexone and to assess hospitalized patients' perspectives on their alcohol use and acceptance of MAUD.

Ancient genomes reveal a deep history of treponemal disease in the Americas.

Human treponemal infections are caused by a family of closely related Treponema pallidum that give rise to the diseases yaws, bejel, pinta and, most famously, syphilis. Debates on both a common origin for these pathogens and the history of syphilis itself has weighed evidence for the "Columbian hypothesis", which argues for an American origin, against that for the "pre-Columbian hypothesis", which argues for presence of the disease in Eurasia in the Medieval period and possibly earlier. While molecular data has provided a genetic basis for distinction of the typed subspecies, deep evolution of the complex has remained unresolved due to limitations in the conclusions that can be drawn from the sparse paleogenomic data currently available.

Insulin activates parasympathetic hepatic-related neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus through mTOR signaling.

Integration of autonomic and metabolic regulation, including hepatic function, is a critical role played by the brain's hypothalamic region. Specifically, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) regulates autonomic functions related to metabolism, such as hepatic glucose production. Although insulin can act directly on hepatic tissue to inhibit hepatic glucose production, recent evidence implicates that central actions of insulin within PVN also regulate glucose metabolism.

An exploration of the acute response of the asymptomatic Achilles tendon to exercise using diagnostic ultrasound. A systematic review of cohort studies.

Objectives: To describe the acute effects of exercise on the morphology, mechanical properties and blood flow of the Achilles tendon, as measured with ultrasound.

Design: Systematic review of cohort studies.

Methods: Seven electronic research databases were systematically searched for exercise intervention-based studies reporting morphology, mechanical properties and blood flow of the Achilles tendon, as measured with ultrasound.

Virtual Assessment Protocols for Timed-Up-and-Go, 5-Repetition Chair Rise, and 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Tests in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Investigating Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity.

Objective: To develop and evaluate virtual assessment protocols for the Timed-Up-and-Go usual and fast pace, Chair Rise-5 repetition, and the 1-minute Sit-to-Stand tests and examine their feasibility, reliability, and validity.

Design: This was a prospective cohort study, where participants engaged in up to 2 virtual assessments and data were collected prospectively for 1 year.

Setting: Assessments took place in participants' homes in the community.

Divergent Population Trends of Two Sympatric Auk Species in the Rapidly Warming Gulf of Maine.

Rapidly warming global temperatures are having a widespread influence on wildlife communities across taxa, with southern-edge populations often experiencing the greatest negative impacts. However, sympatric species may exhibit divergent demographic responses due to differences in life history strategies and niche separation. We used integrated population models to estimate abundance, survival, and productivity for Atlantic Puffins and Razorbills nesting at the southern edge of their breeding range in the rapidly warming Gulf of Maine.

Relationships between upper trunk rotation kinematics and arm fatigue after repetitive pitching among baseball pitchers.

Early upper trunk rotation during baseball pitching has been associated with higher upper-limb kinetics. However, its relationship with arm fatigue after repetitive pitching is unclear. This study aimed to investigate associations between upper trunk rotation kinematics and arm fatigue.

Hibernation reduces GABA signaling in the brainstem to enhance motor activity of breathing at cool temperatures.

Background: Neural circuits produce reliable activity patterns despite disturbances in the environment. For this to occur, neurons elicit synaptic plasticity during perturbations. However, recent work suggests that plasticity not only regulates circuit activity during disturbances, but these modifications may also linger to stabilize circuits during future perturbations.

Changes in Acute Care Pharmacist Prescribing and Laboratory Ordering over Time: CAPLET Study.

Background: In Alberta, pharmacists may obtain additional prescribing authorization (APA) and a practice identification number (PRAC-ID) for ordering laboratory tests. Pharmacists working within Alberta Health Services were mandated by the employer to attain APA by 2018, whereas laboratory ordering has been in place since 2009. Five acute care sites within the Calgary Zone had a computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system that allowed tracking of these activities.

Impacts of Small SBA-15 Mesopores on Translation and Rotational Diffusion of Benzyl Alcohol.

Small SBA-15 pores can enhance the catalytic activity of gold catalysts in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol reaction. The goal of this work is to probe the impact of SBA-15 pores on the translational and rotational diffusion of the reactive species (e.g.

Physiotherapy experiences of injured immigrant workers in Quebec: an intersectional perspective.

Purpose: Immigrant workers are more likely to suffer work-related injuries compared to native-born Canadians. Their physical rehabilitation usually involves physiotherapy. This study sought to better understand the experiences of injured immigrant workers receiving compensation and physiotherapy treatments.

Enhancing Guidewire Efficacy for Transradial Access: The EAGER Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The 1.5 mm Baby J hydrophilic narrow J-tipped wire is a development of the standard 0.035" 3-mm J-tipped peripheral guidewire, designed to improve efficiency of transradial coronary procedures by safely navigating small caliber radial arteries to the aorta.

Clothing and individual equipment for the female soldier: developing a framework to improve the evidence base which informs future design and evaluation.

The development of inclusive equipment and clothing is a priority across national defence departments that are part of The Technical Cooperation Programme. As such, a collaborative effort has been established to inform the development of clothing and equipment for women. This invited review provides an overview of an ongoing collaborative project presented at the sixth International Congress on Soldiers Physical Performance.

The impact of temperature gradient, apparent shear rate, and inferred phase transition timing on extruded high moisture meat analog quality.

Scalability of the cooling die unit operation is critical to lowering the manufacturing cost of high moisture meat analogs(HMMA), but it is unclear what scale-up criteria are important. An experiment consisting of two cooling die cross-section geometries (tall and narrow or short and wide), two production rates (2.7 or 4.

Improved quantitative parameter estimation for prostate T relaxometry using convolutional neural networks.

Objective: Quantitative parameter mapping conventionally relies on curve fitting techniques to estimate parameters from magnetic resonance image series. This study compares conventional curve fitting techniques to methods using neural networks (NN) for measuring T in the prostate.

Materials And Methods: Large physics-based synthetic datasets simulating T mapping acquisitions were generated for training NNs and for quantitative performance comparisons.

Eddy Current Sensor Array for Electromagnetic Sensing and Crack Reconstruction with High Lift-Off in Railway Tracks.

A reliable and efficient rail track defect detection system is essential for maintaining rail track integrity and avoiding safety hazards and financial losses. Eddy current (EC) testing is a non-destructive technique that can be employed for this purpose. The trade-off between spatial resolution and lift-off should be carefully considered in practical applications to distinguish closely spaced cracks such as those caused by rolling contact fatigue (RCF).

Reliability of lower limb strength assessment in female team sport athletes.

Background: Lower limb injury rates have increased dramatically in line with increased female sport participation levels. Muscle strength is a modifiable lower limb injury risk factor, guiding performance monitoring and rehabilitation.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of isokinetic and isometric lower limb peak torque to body mass of muscles acting on the hip, knee, and ankle in female team sport athletes.

Towards a lifelong personalized brain health program: empowering individuals to define, pursue, and monitor meaningful outcomes.

Incorporating person-centered outcomes into clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases has been challenging due to a deficiency in quantitative measures. Meanwhile, the integration of personally meaningful treatment targets in clinical practice remains qualitative, failing to truly inform evaluations, therapeutic interventions and longitudinal monitoring and support. We discuss the current advances and future directions in capturing individualized brain health outcomes and present an approach to integrate person-centered outcome in a scalable manner.

Acceptability, Reliability, and Validity of Virtually Administered Gait Speed Tests.

Objectives: To evaluate the acceptability, reliability (inter- and intrarater), and validity (convergent, known groups, and predictive) of virtually administered gait speed tests for community-dwelling older adults.

Design: A prospective cohort study was performed, tracking health outcomes for a year.

Setting And Participants: The 3-m gait speed test at usual and fast pace was administered to community-dwelling older adults over Zoom.

Macintosh-style videolaryngoscope use for tracheal intubation in elective surgical patients revisited: a sub-analysis of the 2022 Cochrane review data.

The Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2022 that compared videolaryngoscopy (VL) with direct laryngoscopy (DL) for facilitating tracheal intubation in adults found that all three types of VL device (Macintosh-style, hyper-angulated and channeled) reduced the risk of failed intubation and increased the likelihood of first-pass success. We report the findings of a subgroup re-analysis of the 2022 Cochrane meta-analysis data focusing on the Macintosh-style VL group. This was undertaken to establish whether sufficient evidence exists to guide airway managers in making purchasing decisions for their local institutions based upon individual device-specific performance.