Cargo transport properties are enhanced by cylindrical microtubule geometry and elliptical contact zone on cargo surface.

Molecular motors are responsible for carrying cellular transport of various membranous vesicles or organelles along cytoskeletal tracks. Transport of cellular cargos require high forces that are generated by motors working in groups. Hence, the properties of cargo transport can be modulated by varying various parameters such as cargo size and shape, microtubule geometry, motor number and their arrangement on cargo surface.

Sliding of motor tails on cargo surface due to drift and diffusion affects their team arrangement and collective transport.

Kinesin is a microtubule-associated motor protein which works in teams to carry the cellular cargo transport. Lipid rafts on membranous cargos reorganize, causing the motors present in these areas to physically cluster. Unregulated clustering of motors leads to diseases such as Leishmaniasis, Newmann-Pick disease, etc.

Blindness and visual impairment and their causes in India: Results of a nationally representative survey.

Introduction: Avoidable blindness is a significant public health problem in India. Nationally representative RAAB surveys (Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness) are being conducted periodically in the country to know the current status of blindness in the country. The current study describes the findings from the RAAB survey conducted during 2015-19 in India.

The association of sun exposure, ultraviolet radiation effects and other risk factors for pterygium (the SURE RISK for pterygium study) in geographically diverse adult (≥40 years) rural populations of India -3rd report of the ICMR-EYE SEE study group.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for pterygium in geographically diverse regions of India.

Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional multicentric study was conducted in adults aged ≥40 years in plains, hilly and coastal regions of India. All participants underwent a detailed questionnaire-based assessment for sun exposure, usage of sun protective measures, exposure to indoor smoke, and smoking.

An unusual presentation of conjunctival aspergillosis as a polyp in an immunocompetent child.

Fungi are a part of normal ocular flora and usually do not cause clinical infection in the absence of predisposing factors. We report a 7-year-old healthy boy from a rural area of India, who presented with a gradually increasing mass in the left eye. Excisional biopsy of the mass was performed, and pathological examination revealed multiseptate hyphae with acute-angle branching consistent with aspergillosis.

Noninvasive ocular surface analyzer as an adjunct in diagnosis and estimating prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction: Hospital-based comparative study.

Purpose: To assess the role of noninvasive ocular surface analyzer (OSA) in workup of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and to estimate hospital-based prevalence of MGD using this objective device.

Methods: The study recruited 113 consecutive participants attending the ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. All participants were administered a symptom questionnaire.

Intralenticular metallic foreign body 'locked-in' the posterior capsule and the utility of multimodal imaging.

Intraocular foreign bodies (FBs) are common ocular injuries reporting to the emergency services all over the world. The authors highlight the findings and surgical management of a case of intralenticular metallic FB following an injury while using chisel and hammer. The ocular path of the FB (2 mm) could be traced from a self-sealed corneal perforation, extending through the anterior capsule rupture, terminating at the posterior capsule, forming a posterior capsule tent with a part embedded in clear lens.

Experimental evaluation of safety and efficacy of plasma-treated poly-ε-caprolactone membrane as a substitute for human amniotic membrane in treating corneal epithelial defects in rabbit eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate biocompatibility and safety of plasma-treated poly-ε-caprolactone (pPCL) membrane compared to the human amniotic membrane in the healing of corneal epithelial defects in an experimental model.

Methods: This is a prospective, randomized animal study including 12 rabbits. Circular epithelial injury measuring 6 mm in diameter was induced over the central cornea of one eye in twelve rabbits.

Atypical Corneal Phenotype in Patients With Trachoma and Secondary Amyloidosis.

Purpose: To report clinical presentation, in vivo confocal microscopic features, and corneal phenotype in patients with trachomatous keratopathy (TK) and secondary amyloidosis.

Methods: Histopathological records of all patients undergoing keratoplasty at the Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences over a 3-year period were scanned retrospectively for a diagnosis of TK and amyloidosis.

Temperature-Dependent Activity of Motor Proteins: Energetics and Their Implications for Collective Behavior.

Molecular motor proteins are an extremely important component of the cellular transport system that harness chemical energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to carry out directed mechanical motion inside the cells. Transport properties of these motors such as processivity, velocity, and their load dependence have been well established through single-molecule experiments. Temperature dependent biophysical properties of molecular motors are now being probed using single-molecule experiments.

A deep learning-based COVID-19 automatic diagnostic framework using chest X-ray images.

The lethal novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting the health of the global population severely, and a huge number of people may have to be screened in the future. There is a need for effective and reliable systems that perform automatic detection and mass screening of COVID-19 as a quick alternative diagnostic option to control its spread. A robust deep learning-based system is proposed to detect the COVID-19 using chest X-ray images.

Role of Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia.

Objective: To evaluate the adjunctive role of conjunctival autofluorescence in the management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

Materials And Methods: Seventeen patients with clinically diagnosed OSSN were included. Morphological characteristics, type of OSSN, and autofluorescence photographs of the lesion were captured.

Efficient Multi-Object Detection and Smart Navigation Using Artificial Intelligence for Visually Impaired People.

Visually impaired people face numerous difficulties in their daily life, and technological interventions may assist them to meet these challenges. This paper proposes an artificial intelligence-based fully automatic assistive technology to recognize different objects, and auditory inputs are provided to the user in real time, which gives better understanding to the visually impaired person about their surroundings. A deep-learning model is trained with multiple images of objects that are highly relevant to the visually impaired person.

Intralenticular changes in eyes with mature senile cataract on modified posterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To study the morphological changes within mature senile cataracts on modified posterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study recruiting patients of mature cataracts admitted for elective cataract surgery in tertiary eye care. A modified OCT imaging of the lens was done and lenticular findings were noted by a single observer.

Preoperative assessment of posterior capsular integrity using a posterior segment OCT with a +20 D lens: The 'conical sign' to suggest capsular deficiency in posterior polar cataracts.

Purpose: To study the morphology of posterior polar cataracts and posterior lens capsules using modified posterior segment optical coherence tomography (m-OCT).

Setting: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Optimal refinement of residents' surgical skills by training on induced goat's eye corneoscleral perforation.

Surgical skill enhancement for the residents under training can be performed through various efforts. Here in this report, the authors describe a technique of corneoscleral perforation repair on goat's eye, as the tissue resemblance and the reality of experience while performing crucial steps are similar to human eyes. Beginning from tissue handling, optimal suture placement was taught with an intention to impart quality techniques of traumatic globe injury repair.

Interplay between hereditary and environmental factors to establish an in vitro disease model of keratoconus.

Keratoconus (KC) is a bilateral corneal dystrophy and a multifactorial, multigenic disorder with an etiology involving a strong environmental component and complex inheritance patterns. The underlying pathophysiology of KC is poorly understood because of potential crosstalk between genetic-epigenetic variants possibly triggered by the environmental factors. Here, we decode the etiopathological basis of KC using genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic approaches.