Intrapelvic Migration of the Cephalic Screw of a Proximal Femoral Long Intramedullary Nail: Case Report.

The use of cephalomedullary devices has gained popularity in the treatment of proximal femoral fractures. Despite their biomechanical advantages, several complications are well described in the literature. One of these complications, which is rarely reported, is the medial migration of the cephalic screw.

A prospective double blinded randomized study of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstrings tendon and spinal anesthesia with or without femoral nerve block.

Background: Current literature supports the thought that anesthesia and analgesia administered perioperatively for an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have a great influence on time to effective rehabilitation during the first week after hospital discharge.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to answer the research question is there a difference in clinical outcomes between the use of a femoral nerve block with spinal anesthesia versus spinal analgesia alone for people undergoing ACL reconstruction?

Methods: ACL reconstruction with spinal anesthesia and patient sedation (Group one); and spinal anesthesia with patient sedation and an additional femoral nerve block (Group two). Patients were re-evaluated for pain, range of motion (ROM), active contraction of the quadriceps, and a Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scoring scale.

RISKS AND CONSEQUENCES OF USING THE TRANSPORTAL TECHNIQUE IN RECONSTRUCTING THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE FEMORAL TUNNEL, LATERAL SUPERIOR GENICULAR ARTERY AND LATERAL EPICONDYLE OF THE FEMORAL CONDYLE.

Objective: Define a security zone to avoid possibles vascular and ligamentar complications during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Methods: Arthroscopic reconstruction using the transtibial and transportal technique in cadaver knees was performed followed by dissection and measurement of the distance between the femoral tunnel and the proximal attachment of the lateral collateral ligament and the femoral tunnel and the lateral superior genicular artery.

Results: The measure of the analysed distances show us an aproximation between the major branch of the lateral superior genicular artery and the femoral insertion of the colateral lateral ligament and the femoral tunnel during the transportal technique.

UPDATING OF THE ANATOMY OF THE EXTENSOR MECHANISM OF THE KNEE USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIEWING TECHNIQUE.

The knee extensor mechanism is a complex structure formed by the quadriceps muscle and tendon, the patella, the patellar tendon and the ligaments that surround and help stabilize the knee. Through using a three-dimensional viewing technique on images of the knee extensor apparatus, we aimed to didactically show the structures that compose this bone-muscle-ligament complex. Anatomical dissection of the knee with emphasis on the structures of its extensor mechanism was performed, followed by taking photographs using a camera and lenses suitable for simulating human vision, through a technique for constructing three-dimensional images.