Bronchopulmonary sequestration presenting as haemoptysis with an aberrant blood supply from the pulmonary artery.

Bronchopulmonary sequestration is a rare condition characterised by the presence of nonfunctional, dysplastic lung tissue. This tissue receives blood supply from the systemic circulation. In this case report, we document an exceptional presentation of a woman in her 50s where bronchopulmonary sequestration in the right upper lung lobe led to haemoptysis.

Surgical management of Rhodococcus induced anterior mediastinal mass: A case report.

Introduction: Rhodococcus is an extremely rare, gram positive, aerobic, coccobacillary organism, usually found in the soil or in dairy and livestock animals. It is most commonly affecting the immunocompromised. Only 15 % of cases have been reported in immunocompetent hosts.

A rare case report: Left middle lobectomy in recurrent hemoptysis and chest infections of Kartagener syndrome patient.

Introduction: Kartagener syndrome is rare, with an incidence of 1 in 32,000 live births. It consists of a triad of bronchiectasis, situs inversus, and sinusitis. Normally, the middle lobe is part of the right lung, but due to situs inversus, the middle lobe is part of the left lung, making it prone to bronchiectasis and infections.

Left Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm Secondary to Metastatic Lung Sarcoma: A Case Report.

Aneurysms are characterized by focal dilation of the blood vessel wall due to weakening. The involvement of two layers of the vessel wall is classified as a pseudoaneurysm while the involvement of all three layers is called a true aneurysm. Involvement of neoplastic lesions is rare, but the few reported cases have been associated with pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms as opposed to true pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs).

A rare case of diffuse ectasia in the coronary arteries and proximal aneurysm in the left anterior descending artery: A case report.

Introduction: Coronary artery aneurysm is defined as dilatation of a segment of coronary artery, greater than 1.5 times the diameter of the largest normal coronary artery of the patient. Major cause of coronary artery aneurysm is coronary artery disease.

Implementation evaluation of a medical student-led intervention to enhance students' engagement with research: Findings and lessons learned.

Introduction: Medical colleges globally have student organizations that serve to enable students' involvement in research. However, details of their approach and activities are seldom published to serve as learning for student organizations in other settings. The Student Research Forum (SRF), a student organization based at a private medical school in Pakistan aims to facilitate students in acquiring research skills.

Case report: Aorto-left atrial fistula-A rare complication of native aortic valve endocarditis.

Background: Aorto-cavitary fistula is a rare complication of infective endocarditis. Multimodal imaging is commonly required to assess the severity and extent of infection because of the complex pathology of the valvular and paravalvular apparatus in endocarditis.

Case Presentation: We present an unusual case of a middle-aged man with recent history of meningoencephalitis who developed infective endocarditis complicated by ruptured abscess in inter-valvular fibrosa between aortic and mitral valve resulting in free communication or fistula formation between aorta and left atrium.

Mediastinal paraganglioma of the aortopulmonary subtype - A surgical challenge.

Introduction And Importance: This case report describes the successful surgical management of a 30-year-old male with a non-functional carotid body tumor and a mediastinal paraganglioma occupying the aortopulmonary space. The report highlights the rarity of mediastinal paragangliomas and the challenges in their surgical management.

Case Presentation: The patient underwent pre-op angioembolisation of the carotid body tumor, followed by excision and left cervical lymph node dissection.

Foreign body aspiration presenting as a chronic lung disease: a unique finding in an elderly patient.

Foreign body aspiration is a serious clinical manifestation in the elderly and has a significant potential to cause life-endangering harm. In this unique report, we highlight the case of a seventy-year-old conscious male, who reported with complaints of chronic cough initially diagnosed as chronic bronchitis; however, on radiological examination, the infectious nidus was identified as a 5 cm long metallic nail in the right lower lung.

An unusual case of multiple aspergillomas in the right lower lobe of the lung: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Aspergilloma is a pathological condition that affects the pulmonary tissues, and it is usually associated with Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis, Aspergillus fumigatus being the most common causative pathogen. The presence of multiple asperillomas in a single lung lobe is an unusual manifestation of Aspergilloma and therefore very little literature can be found regarding this.

Case Presentation: Below we report a rare case of numerous pulmonary cavities containing aspergillomas, about 15-16, as an atypical presentation of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, all of which were present in a single lung lobe of the patient.

Coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistula: Catheter or scalpel? A case report.

Introduction: Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an abnormal connection between coronary artery and a major vessel or cardiac chamber with left to right shunt having an incidence of 0.002 % in recent literature. Fistulous communication of coronary artery with pulmonary artery (PA) is a rare subtype and comprises of about 17 % of all the CAF cases.

Atypical presentation of a rare gestational trophoblastic neoplasm: A case report.

A 34-year-old woman had a history of 3 miscarriages and presented with symptoms of an unproductive cough and rising serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (b-hCG) levels. There were no gynaecological symptoms. A diagnosis of Choriocarcinoma with pulmonary metastasis was made.

Advancements in left ventricular assist devices to prevent pump thrombosis and blood coagulopathy.

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, such as left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are very useful in improving outcomes in patients with advanced-stage heart failure. Despite recent advances in LVAD development, pump thrombosis is one of the most severe adverse events caused by LVADs. The contact of blood with artificial materials of LVAD pumps and cannulas triggers the coagulation cascade.

The environment under the knife: A review of current Eco-surgical strategies and recommendations for Pakistan.

The healthcare sector at its core is based on the fundamentals belief to do no harm and bring about betterment in the lives of the people. Paradoxically, hospitals are one of the leading contributors to pollution, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and toxic waste material worldwide. Surgical care delivery is quite resource intensive, consuming significant amount of energy and equipment as well as producing large quantities of waste.

Radial artery coronary bypass grafting: Surgical outcomes of an unexplored innovation in a developing country.

Objective: To explore postoperative outcomes, particularly prolonged length of hospital stay, in radial artery coronary artery bypass graft patients in a tertiary-care setting.

Methods: The pilot prospective cohort study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September 2019 to September 2020, and comprised adult patients of either gender due to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting for coronary artery disease involving two or more vessels. The subjects were approached for the use of their radial artery as a conduit.

Pulmonary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Presenting Late With Intrapericardial Extension: Case Report.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma, also known as cylindroma, is one of the rare and unexplored clinical presentations of lung cancer, for which existing knowledge is scarce. This case report discusses a presentation of this tumor in the right lung, which subsequently extended to the left atrium through the right superior pulmonary vein. The extension of this rare tumor into the left atrium makes this case both uniquely distinctive and clinically relevant.

Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular Disease Presentation, Emergency Department Triage and Inpatient Cardiology Services in a Low- to Middle-Income Country - Perspective from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan.

Aims: To identify the changes in cardiovascular disease presentation, emergency room triage and inpatient diagnostic and therapeutic pathways.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. We collected data for patients presenting to the emergency department with cardiovascular symptoms between March-July 2019 (pre-COVID period) and March-July 2020 (COVID period).

Comparative Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease Admissions, Presentation and Outcomes Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: First Insights From a Tertiary Medical Center in Pakistan.

Introduction COVID-19 has manifested a striking disarray in healthcare access and provision, particularly amongst patients presenting with life-threatening ischemic heart disease (IHD). The paucity of data from low-middle income countries has limited our understanding of the consequential burden in the developing world. We aim to compare volumes, presentations, management strategies, and outcomes of IHD amongst patients presenting in the same calendar months before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Peer-taught virtual research workshops for surgical residents: Protocol for a novel and sustainable solution to improving surgical research in Pakistan.

Objective: To generate a protocol describing the methodology for a study assessing the effectiveness of a comprehensive series of peer-taught online research workshops for surgical residents across Pakistan in terms of improving research-related knowledge and skills, and long-term research involvement and output.

Methods: The quasi-experimental study will consist of a series of six online research workshops conducted over Zoom for surgical residents across Pakistan. An online sign-up form will be circulated on social media to current surgical residents throughout Pakistan.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma incidentally discovered as an asymptomatic mediastinal mass: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare tumor characterized by bland histological features and aggressive clinical course. The most common anatomic locations of occurrence are the lower extremities, thorax, inguinal area, and upper limbs. Primary mediastinal sarcomas are even rarer.

Ruptured mycotic reverse saphenous vein graft aneurysm: A late complication of mediastinitis.

Reverse saphenous vein graft aneurysm (RSVGA) is a rare complication that occurs after coronary bypass grafting surgery. Mycotic aneurysm of reverse saphenous vein graft is even more rare. We describe the case of a 76-year-old man who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting 10 years back and had mediastinitis four to five months after surgery.