Delivery Room Handling of the Newborn: Filling the Gaps.

Background: Newborn resuscitation algorithms have since the turn of the century been more evidence-based. In this review, we discuss the development of American Heart Association (AHA) and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR)'s algorithm for newborn resuscitation from 1992-2024. We have also aimed to identify the remaining gaps in non-evidenced practice.

Short inter-pregnancy interval and birthweight: a reappraisal based on a follow-up study of all women in Norway with two singleton deliveries during 1970-2019.

We studied mean changes in birthweight from the first to the second delivery according to length of the inter-pregnancy interval. We also studied recurrence risk of low birthweight, preterm birth and perinatal death. We followed all women in Norway from their first to their second singleton delivery at gestational week 22 or beyond during the years 1970-2019, a total of 654 100 women.

Prolonged hospitalization signature and early antibiotic effects on the nasopharyngeal resistome in preterm infants.

Respiratory pathogens, commonly colonizing nasopharynx, are among the leading causes of death due to antimicrobial resistance. Yet, antibiotic resistance determinants within nasopharyngeal microbial communities remain poorly understood. In this prospective cohort study, we investigate the nasopharynx resistome development in preterm infants, assess early antibiotic impact on its trajectory, and explore its association with clinical covariates using shotgun metagenomics.

Correction: Nerdrum Aagaard et al. Significance of Neonatal Heart Rate in the Delivery Room-A Review. , , 1551.

In the original publication [...

Significance of Neonatal Heart Rate in the Delivery Room-A Review.

Background: Heart rate (HR) is considered the main vital sign in newborns during perinatal transition, with a threshold of 100 beats per minute (bpm), below which, intervention is recommended. However, recent changes in delivery room management, including delayed cord clamping, are likely to have influenced normal HR transition.

Objective: To summarize the updated knowledge about the factors, including measurement methods, that influence HR in newborn infants immediately after birth.

Searching for evidence in neonatology.

Evidence-based medicine has changed clinical practice by incorporating data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). While some biases in RCTs are well recognised, we discuss some less acknowledged. Selection bias may arise in the consent stage.

Umbilical cord blood acid-base analysis at birth and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Umbilical cord blood acid-base sampling is routinely performed at many hospitals. Recent studies have questioned this practice and the association of acidosis with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To investigate the associations between the results of umbilical cord blood acid-base analysis at birth and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and mortality in children.

A Piglet Perinatal Asphyxia Model to Study Cardiac Injury and Hemodynamics after Cardiac Arrest, Resuscitation, and the Return of Spontaneous Circulation.

Neonatal piglets have been extensively used as translational models for perinatal asphyxia. In 2007, we adapted a well-established piglet asphyxia model by introducing cardiac arrest. This enabled us to study the impact of severe asphyxia on key outcomes, including the time taken for the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), as well as the effect of chest compressions according to alternative protocols for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Microbial DNA extraction of high-host content and low biomass samples: Optimized protocol for nasopharynx metagenomic studies.

Introduction: Low microbial biomass and high human DNA content in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples hinder comprehensive characterization of microbiota and resistome. We obtained samples from premature infants, a group with increased risk of developing respiratory disorders and infections, and consequently frequent exposure to antibiotics. Our aim was to devise an optimal protocol for handling nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from premature infants, focusing on host DNA depletion and microbiome and resistome characterization.

Is the increasing prevalence of labor induction accompanied by changes in pregnancy outcomes? An observational study of all singleton births at gestational weeks 37-42 in Norway during 1999-2019.

Introduction: Induction of labor is often performed to prevent adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes, and has become increasingly common. We studied whether changes in prevalence of labor induction in gestational weeks 37-42 weeks were accompanied by changes in adverse pregnancy outcomes or mode of delivery.

Material And Methods: We used data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, and included all singleton births in gestational weeks 37-42 in Norway, 1999-2019 (n = 1 127 945).

Oxygenation of the newborn. The impact of one molecule on newborn lives.

Hypoxanthine is a purine metabolite which increases during hypoxia and therefore is an indicator of this condition. Further, when hypoxanthine is oxidized to uric acid in the presence of xanthine oxidase, oxygen radicals are generated. This was the theoretical basis for suggesting and studying, beginning in the 1990s, resuscitation of newborn infants with air instead of the traditional 100% O.