Synthesis, antimicrobial, and anti-HIV-1 activity of certain 5-(1-adamantyl)-2-substituted thio-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 5-(1-adamantyl)-3-substituted aminomethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoline-2-thiones.

The reaction of 5-(1-adamantyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoline-2-thione 2 with iodoethane, 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride or 2-piperidinoethyl chloride hydrochloride in ethanolic potassium hydroxide yielded the corresponding 5-(1-adamantyl)-2-ethyl or substituted ethylthio-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 3a-c. Interaction of 2 with formaldehyde solution and primary aromatic amines or 1-substituted piperazines, in ethanol at room temperature yielded the corresponding 5-(1-adamantyl)-3-arylaminomethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoline-2-thiones 4a-m or 5-(1-adamantyl)-3-(4-substituted-1-piperazinylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoline-2-thiones 5a-h, respectively. All the synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro activities against certain strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast-like pathogenic fungus Candida albicans.

Knowledge, attitudes and intention of high school students towards the nursing profession in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitudes, and intention among the Saudi high school students towards the nursing profession. In addition, the study aims to identify students' perception of causes preventing them to become nurses. It also aims to determine the factors influencing the Saudi high school students' choice of nursing profession.

Patients' expectations, satisfaction and future behavior in hospitals in Riyadh City.

Objective: The main objectives of this study are to assess patient satisfaction at both Ministry of Health and private hospitals in Riyadh city, to compare the perceived satisfaction of patients to their expectations prior to admission at both sectors, and to determine the variables that influence the patient's future intention.

Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 500 patients (392 were returned fully completed) in 7 private and Ministry of Health hospitals. In addition to the descriptive statistics, paired and independent t-tests, phi and Cramers' V tests were used for the inferential statistics of the data analysis.

The long term effects of unilateral corneal scars.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the long term effects of unilateral dense central corneal scars on the axial length and development of lens opacities. We included 12 patients with unilateral dense central corneal scars of early onset before the age of seven years. This study served as naturally-controlled experiment and demonstrated a statistically significant increase in ocular axial length and decrease in the incidence of cataract in the eye with central corneal scar.

Determinants of consumers' healthcare-provider choice.

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.

Ocular levels of azithromycin.

Objective: To assess azithromycin levels in human serum, aqueous humor, tear fluid, and conjunctival tissue specimens after administration of a single 1-g oral dose of azithromycin.

Methods: Sixty patients undergoing cataract surgery were included in this analysis. Serum, aqueous, and tear specimens were collected 3, 6, and 12 hours and 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after azithromycin administration.

Factors influencing patients' utilization of primary health care providers in saudi arabia.

Objective: To determine the factors that significantly discriminate between Ministry of Health (MOH) and private primary health care patients in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology: Through a self-administered questionnaire, data were collected from 408 randomly selected patients in five MOH primary health care centers and five private dispensaries. Data collection was conducted from February 15 to March 15, 1998.

Heparin surface-modified intraocular lenses in patients with inactive uveitis or diabetes.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether heparin surface-modified (HSM) intraocular lenses (IOLs) with a hydrophilic surface would reduce cell adherence and other postoperative changes compared with the conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) IOLs in patients with either diabetes mellitus or inactive uveitis.

Design: The study design was a randomized, double-masked, clinical trial.

Participants: Twenty-five patients with bilateral cataracts, 14 with inactive anterior uveitis and 11 with diabetes, with an age range of 11 to 81 years (mean, 52.

Discriminating variables between insured and uninsured patients.

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.

A study of riyadh hospitals non-urgent surgery waiting lists: from the physicians' perspective.

Objective: To examine and compare the factors causing long waiting lists for non-urgent surgery in public (Ministry of Health, military, and teaching) and private hospitals in the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to examine the relationship between the personal characteristics of the respondents (surgeons) and the surgery-delay experience.

Material And Methods: The instrument used in this study was a self-administered questionnaire. Out of 500 distributed questionnaires 320 valid responses were returned.

Trachoma in Saudi Arabia.

Aims & Background: The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and magnitude of trachoma in Saudi Arabia and to evaluate the factors that play a role in the transmission and severity of the disease.

Methods: The samples consisted of a stratified multistage random cluster design that selected defined primary sampling units of 50-60 housing units in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan communities.

Results: In 1984, evidence of trachoma (active and inactive) was found among 22.

Single-dose azithromycin in the treatment of trachoma. A randomized, controlled study.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of single oral-dose azithromycin with a 7-week topical tetracycline ointment course in the treatment of active trachoma.

Methods: A total of 64 patients with active trachoma were selected randomly to receive azithromycin (20 mg/kg) in a single dose or topical tetracycline eye ointment for 6 weeks. Clinical assessments were made before and at 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after treatment.

Eyelid laceration sustained in an attack by a rabid desert fox.

Purpose/methods: Two patients were bitten on the face by a rabid desert fox and sustained eyelid lacerations. The patients were examined and they received the same prophylactic treatment: human rabies immunoglobulin, intramuscularly and at the laceration site, and rabies human-diploid cell vaccine.

Results/conclusions: One patient survived; the other died.

Retrobulbar alcohol injection in blind painful eyes.

We studied 39 blind painful eyes in 39 patients who were treated with retrobulbar injection of absolute (96%) alcohol for their severe ocular pain at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital from January 1984 to January 1987. There were 21 (54%) male and 18 (46%) female patients; all were followed for at least three months. The protracted ocular pain was mainly due to: end-stage (absolute) glaucoma in 31 (80%) eyes, uveitis or endophthalmitis in four (10%) eyes, or corneal ulcer in two (5%) eyes.