Azelnidipine and its role in decreasing urinary albumin creatinine ratio in people with type 2 diabetes and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension frequently coexist, increasing the risk of cardiovascular and renal complications. Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) serves as a crucial predictor of these outcomes. While renin-angiotensin system inhibitors are often initial therapy, evidence suggests a potential role for Azelnidipine, a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, in reducing UACR, especially in cases of persistent proteinuria despite optimal therapy.

Association of stress and primary hypothyroidism.

Background: Hypothyroidism is the result of impaired production and secretion of thyroid hormones. The cardiovascular system is affected by fluctuations in thyroid hormone levels. Stressful events or stressors can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and psychological and physiological responses.

Zinc Alpha 2 Glycoprotein as an Early Biomarker of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Background and objectives Microalbuminuria is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, pathological abnormalities occur before the onset of microalbuminuria. Renal impairment progresses in about 50% of cases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without significant albuminuria.

Nontubercular bacterial and fungal infections in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Introduction: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), frequently due to respiratory tract infection is the major cause of morbidity and mortality, and estimate suggests that it is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide.

Aims And Objectives: This study aims to study the prevalence of nontubercular bacterial and fungal infections in patients of COPD.

Materials And Methods: It is an observational study done for 1-year period from August 2017 to July 2018.

As the World Struggles With the COVID-19 Pandemic, Another Emergency Threat Arrives on the Horizon, the Monkeypox: A Systematic Review.

The whole world got threatened by COVID-19, which made a significant loss in various sectors and pushed the world into a deep valley. Now a new threat, the emerging outbreak of monkeypox is rapidly spreading across the globe and is currently being observed in more than 110 countries with 79,473 confirmed cases and 50 deaths. Data were collected from PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus database, African Journals OnLine, internet library sub-Saharan Africa, and Google Scholar.

Serum kallistatin as a marker of severity of liver fibrosis in cirrhosis: A cross-sectional observational study.

Background: Liver cirrhosis is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although liver biopsy is the gold standard for the assessment of liver fibrosis in cirrhosis, it has its own limitations. Therefore, noninvasive methods to detect liver fibrosis are widely preferred.

COVID-19 cases and their outcome among patients with uncommon co-existing illnesses: A lesson from Northern India.

Introduction: Newer coexisting conditions should be identified in order to modify newer risk factors. Aim was to identify patients with non-classical or less common coexisting conditions in patients infected of COVID 19.

Method: Single centred study from June 2020 to May 2021 at a tertiary centre in North India.

Cathepsin S as an early biomarker for cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients.

Introduction: A high incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and premature mortality is observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Thus, new biomarkers that may help predict the development of CVD in early stages of CKD are being investigated along with other traditional risk factors.

Objective: To investigate cathepsin S as an early biomarker for CVD in patients with CKD.

An observational study to estimate the level of essential trace elements and its implications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Background And Objectives: Insulin action of reducing blood glucose has been found to be enhanced by trace elements.

Material And Methods: This was a cross sectional study including 150 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and 50 controls. Serum concentrations of zinc, copper, chromium, selenium and magnesium was measured by colorimetric kit.

Clinical and biochemical profile of scrub typhus patients at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India.

Background: Scrub typhus is a neglected rickettsial disease in India. Every year, we are facing outbreaks of Scrub typhus after Monsoon season. Patients present with a wide clinical spectrum ranging from pyrexia of unknown origin to multiple organ dysfunction.

Detection of undiagnosed and inadequately treated high blood pressure in dentistry by screening.

Background: Worldwide, hypertension is considered as an important health issue due to its unbearable complication of cardiovascular, renal, and nervous system diseases.

Aims And Objective: The aim was to find the prevalence and inadequately treated undiagnosed hypertension in the general population attending the Outpatient Department (OPD) of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow.

Materials And Methods: A total of 2500 patients were enrolled in the study within the age group of 20-60 years, attending dental clinics.

Association of Pulmonary Hypertension With Inflammatory Markers and Volume Status in Hemodialysis Patients of End-Stage Renal Disease.

Background and objectives Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an independent risk factor for increased mortality, especially in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), but the mechanism of its development is unknown. This study aimed at evaluating volume overload and inflammation as potential variables to cause its development in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Materials and methods This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted on patients undergoing hemodialysis at a tertiary hospital in northern India.

Socio-economic impact of first 21 days nationwide lockdown- 1 on the spread of SARS-COV-2 in India in relation to health.

On March 11, 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) declared corona virus disease (COVID-19) to be a pandemic disease, which is caused by a novel coronavirus "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV- 2)" and till now it has affected about 213 countries. A nationwide lockdown was announced by the Honorable Prime Minister of India on 24 March 2020 for 21 days to prevent the spread of the COVID-19. Our nation, being a developing nation and emerging market, there was a vast socio-economic consequence of this lockdown.

Coronary Cameral Fistula - A Rare Cause of Angina Pectoris in a Young Patient.

Coronary cameral fistula, a rare cause of angina pectoris in a young patient is of rare occurrence and is very sparsely reported. We present here a case of a 23 year old male with complaints of chest discomfort and breathlessness on exertion for 4 months. 2D Transthoracic echocardiography showed coronary cameral fistula opening into right atrium.

Digital dry gangrene as a primary manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Digital dry gangrene is commonly seen in cases of connective tissue disease such as systemic sclerosis. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) digital gangrene is rare. As initial manifestation, it is again a rare phenomenon because it occurs late in the course of disease.

Hyperhomocysteinemia induced locked-in syndrome in a young adult due to folic acid deficiency.

'Locked-in syndrome (LIS)' is a neurological disorder, often missed initially and can have grave consequences. A rare case of LIS caused due to folic acid deficiency-induced hyperhomocysteinemia is being described here. A 16-year-old boy presented with complaints of sudden onset weakness of all the four limbs with loss of voice for one day.

Panhypopituitarism- An unusual presenation of tuberculous meningitis.

Pituitary gland involvement is a very rare entity of central nervous system tuberculosis. Tubercular meningitis (TBM) is a chronic meningitis on hypothalamic-pituitary axis which causes high morbidity and mortality hence it is the most dreaded form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Here we report a case of 24 year old female presenting with three months history of fever and headache along with altered sensorium since four days.

Association of hepcidin and anemia in early chronic kidney disease.

Hepcidin is being extensively studied for anemia and inflammation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Hepcidin is thought to regulate iron metabolism by iron blockade through various mechanisms. Patients with CKD have early cardiac mortality due to anemia and subclinical inflammation; hence, we studied hepcidin as a biomarker in patients with early stage of CKD in relation to anemia and inflammation.

Diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review on the role of epigenetics as diagnostic and prognostic marker.

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious microvascular complications and among the leading causes of end stage renal disease. Persistently increasing albuminuria has been considered to be the central hallmark of nephropathy. However, albuminuria can indicate kidney damage for clinicians; it is not a specific biomarker for prediction of diabetic kidney disease prior to the onset of this devastating complication, and in fact all individuals with microalbuminuria do not progress to overt nephropathy.

Association of Vitamin D and secondary hyperparathyroidism with anemia in diabetic kidney disease.

Introduction: Anemia is common in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and diabetes is a major leading risk factor for it. In Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), it worsens more, which further increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite of adequate iron stores anemia persist, which may be due to impaired iron release from body stores that is unable to meet the demand for erythropoiesis (also called reticuloendothelial cell iron blockade).

Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis.

Hypokalemia is a serious and life-threatening clinical condition. We present a case of a 45-year-old male, with known hyperthyroidism presenting with profound tremor, irritability, quadriparesis, and labored breathing since morning, on the day of admission. Arterial blood gas analysis showed severe hypokalemia.

Agenesis of dorsal pancreas in a young adult: a rare cause of diabetes mellitus.

Dorsal pancreatic agenesis is an extremely rare entity characterised by absence of body and tail of pancreas, while there are so many other developmental anomalies of the pancreas that have been reported. Here we report a 25-year-old young man who presented with pain in the abdomen, recurrent loose stools and hyperglycaemia. On radiological imaging study, there was complete agenesis of the dorsal pancreas except for thin stripe of tissue at the level of the uncinate process.