Multicomponent Behavioural Intervention during Pregnancy to Reduce Home Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial in Bangladesh and India.

Background: Pregnant women exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) are at increased risk of poor birth outcomes. We piloted multicomponent behavioural intervention and trial methods in Bangalore, India, and Comilla, Bangladesh.

Methods: A pilot individual randomised controlled trial with economic and process evaluation components was conducted.

Exploring the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of a nurse delivered mhealth intervention for women living with HIV in South India: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: We evaluated the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a standardized nurse delivered mobile phone intervention to improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment and clinical outcomes.

Methods: Feasibility and acceptability of the phone intervention was assessed with rates of eligibility, completed visits, and attritions. Intervention fidelity was assessed by checking recorded calls and feedback.

Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Chhattisgarh: Findings from National Mental Health Survey.

Background: Psychiatric disorders are among the leading contributors to disability in India and worldwide. The pattern, prevalence, and distribution of psychiatric disorders in the country and its regions need to be assessed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. No study on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders has been conducted in the Chhattisgarh state.

Experience and Reporting of Postnatal Depression Across Cultures: A Comparison Using Anchoring Vignettes of Mothers in the United Kingdom and India.

Postnatal mental health is often assessed using self-assessment questionnaires in epidemiologic research. Differences in response style, influenced by language, culture, and experience, may mean that the same response may not have the same meaning in different settings. These differences need to be identified and accounted for in cross-cultural comparisons.

Antenatal predictors of postnatal maternal attachment and competence after assisted conception-a prospective cohort study in South India.

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of antenatal factors such as anxiety, depression, perceived stress, marital satisfaction, maternal antenatal attachment, and social support on postnatal maternal attachment and competence in women who received assisted reproductive treatment. A prospective longitudinal cohort design was adopted with two groups-50 women who received assisted reproductive treatment and 50 women who had natural conception. Both the groups were assessed using self-report measures over three time points: T1, 7th month of pregnancy; T2, 2 weeks postpartum; and T3, 3 months postpartum.

Bonding and Infants' Development and Quality of Life: A Study Among Mothers with Severe Mental Illnesses in Remission.

Background: Maternal mental health has specific implications for bonding and infants' mental health. However, most of the evidence comes from mothers who are either symptomatic or did not have adequate mental health support. In this context, our objective was to explore if symptom status in mothers and bonding share any significant association with the infants' development and quality of life (QOL), in case of mothers with severe mental illnesses in remission.

Integrating nutrition and mental health screening, risk identification and management in prenatal health programs in India.

Pregnancy is a period of major physiologic, hormonal, and psychological change, increasing the risk of nutritional deficiencies and mental disorders. Mental disorders and malnutrition are associated with adverse pregnancy and child outcomes, with potential long-standing impact. Common mental disorders during pregnancy are more prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of training health workers in detecting Priority Mental Health Conditions among adolescents in rural South India.

Introduction: Half of all mental disorders start during adolescence, before 14 years. In India, the current prevalence of mental disorders in 13-17 years age group was 7.3%.

Gender Transformative Interventions for Perinatal Mental Health in Low and Middle Income Countries-A Scoping Review.

Perinatal mental health problems are linked to poor outcomes for mothers, babies and families. In the context of Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC), a leading risk factor is gender disparity. Addressing gender disparity, by involving fathers, mothers in law and other family members can significantly improve perinatal and maternal healthcare, including risk factors for poor perinatal mental health such as domestic violence and poor social support.

Mental health of women living with HIV and its impact on child development in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Global literature examining the association between mental health of women living with HIV (WLWH) and child development is scarce. In this study, we examined the relationship between mothers' mental health and their children's social development outcomes 6 months later. Data for these analyses come from several waves of interviews of 600 WLWH in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Integrated cognitive-behavioral intervention reduced alcohol use and perpetration of intimate partner violence in a man with alcohol dependence syndrome: A case study.

Heavy alcohol use poses an increased risk for intimate partner violence. We present here a novel therapeutic treatment, integrated cognitive-behavioral intervention (ICBI), a treatment approach for men with alcohol dependence who also perpetrate intimate partner violence (IPV). ICBI includes a meaningful integration of cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal therapy techniques.

Negative Childbirth Experience and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder - A Study Among Postpartum Women in South India.

Negative childbirth experience has been associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in the postpartum period with a significant impact on the mother as well as the infant. The current study aimed at studying the association of negative child birth experience with PTSD and depressive symptoms among primiparous mothers within 6 weeks of child birth. The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), PTSD checklist (PCL), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS) were used to assess negative childbirth experience, symptoms of PTSD, and depression respectively.

A virtual course in perinatal mental health for healthcare professionals.

Screening and treatment of perinatal mental health problems remain inadequate with one of the barrier being non-availability of trained health professionals. Virtual courses have been an important medium to enhance the knowledge and capacity of health professionals. A virtual certificate course in perinatal mental health was developed to train health professionals to identify and treat perinatal mental health disorders.

A systematic review of the association between perinatal depression and cognitive development in infancy in low and middle-income countries.

The association between perinatal depression and infant cognitive development has been well documented in research based in high-income contexts, but the literature regarding the same relationship in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is less developed. The aim of this study is to systematically review what is known in this area in order to inform priorities for early intervention and future research in LMICs. The review protocol was pre-registered on Prospero (CRD42018108589) and relevant electronic databases were searched using a consistent set of keywords and 1473 articles were screened against the eligibility criteria.

Anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnancy predict low birth weight differentially in male and female infants-findings from an urban pregnancy cohort in India.

Purpose: This study examined the contributions of antenatal anxiety, depression, and partner violence to low birth weight (LBW) in infants and to sex-specific birth weight outcomes among mothers from a cohort in urban India.

Methods: Data from 700 mothers from the PRAMMS cohort (Prospective Assessment of Maternal Mental Health Study) were used. Pregnant women were assessed in each trimester-T1, T2 and T3, for symptoms of anxiety, and depression as well as partner violence.

A behaviour change intervention to reduce home exposure to second hand smoke during pregnancy in India and Bangladesh: a theory and evidence-based approach to development.

Background: Home exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is highly prevalent amongst pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries like India and Bangladesh. The literature on the efficacy of behaviour change interventions to reduce home exposure to SHS in pregnancy is scarce.

Methods: We employed a theory and evidence-based approach to develop an intervention using pregnant women as agents of change for their husband's smoking behaviours at home.

Lifetime traumatic experiences and postpartum depressive symptoms in a cohort of women in South India.

Studies in western cultures have proposed mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences can affect mental health, including mediating variables such as social support and resilience. However, research replicating these findings in perinatal populations are sparse in Asia. This study assessed the association between lifetime trauma and postpartum depressive symptoms.

COVID-19-related anxiety and concerns expressed by pregnant and postpartum women-a survey among obstetricians.

This paper from India describes anxieties that pregnant and postpartum women reported to obstetricians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 118 obstetricians who responded to an online survey, most had been contacted for concerns about hospital visits (72.65%), methods of protection (60.

Effect of Yoga on Psychological Distress among Women Receiving Treatment for Infertility.

Background: Infertility among women has been associated with significant psychological distress, anxiety, and depression. yoga therapy has been found to be useful in the management of anxiety, depression and psychological distress.

Aim: To review studies on the effectiveness of yoga in reducing psychological distress and improving clinical outcomes among women receiving treatment for infertility.

The Effect of Community-Based Nutritional Interventions on Children of Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Rural India: A 2 × 2 Factorial Intervention Trial.

Background: Malnutrition is a common clinical concern among children in low-income communities affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We examined the effect of a community-based nutritional intervention on anthropometric and clinical outcomes of children of women living with HIV in rural India.

Methods: We assigned women living with HIV and their child (oldest 3-8 years) to 1 of 4 programs: (1) community-based HIV care program, (2) program 1 + nutrition education, (3) program 1 + food supplement, and (4) all elements of programs 1-3.

The current status of gender-sensitive mental health services for women-findings from a global survey of experts.

Integrating gender in all aspects of health services is important and mental health is no exception. Despite several recommendations regarding the need for gender-sensitive mental health services, the actual availability of these is not clear, both in high and low-income countries. We sought to understand what aspects of gender-sensitive mental health care were considered a priority by global experts in women's mental health and how satisfied they were with the current availability of these services in their own place of work.

Life events and depressive symptoms among pregnant women in India: Moderating role of resilience and social support.

Background: Recent life events may be significant risk factors for depression during pregnancy. However, its association with the individual's resilience and social support is not clear.

Aims: To understand the association between life events and depression during pregnancy and whether the association is moderated by resilience and social support.