Qualitative and Untargeted Volatilome Fingerprinting of Aspergillus sp. and Bulbithecium sp. by HS-SPME-GCMS and Functional Interactions.

Research on fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has increased worldwide in the last 10 years, but marine fungal volatilomes remain underexplored. Similarly, the hormone-signaling pathways, agronomic significance, and biocontrol potential of VOCs in plant-associated fungi make the area of research extremely promising. In the current investigation, VOCs of the isolates-Aspergillus sp.

Safety assessment of rat embryonic fraction for in vivo regenerative therapy.

Regenerative therapy is considered a novel option for treating various diseases, whereas a developing embryo is a prime source of molecules that help repair diseased tissue and organs. Organoid culture studies also confirmed the inherent biological functions of several embryonic factors. However, the in vivo safety and efficacy of embryonic protein fraction (EPF) were not validated.

Alcohol enhances type 1 interferon-α production and mortality in young mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

In the current study, we used a mouse model and human blood samples to determine the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on immune responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Alcohol increased the mortality of young mice but not old mice with Mtb infection. CD11b+Ly6G+ cells are the major source of IFN-α in the lungs of Mtb-infected alcohol-fed young mice, and IFN-α enhances macrophage necroptosis in the lungs.

IL-21 Receptor Signaling Is Essential for Optimal CD4 T Cell Function and Control of Infection in Mice.

In this study, we determined the role of IL-21R signaling in infection, using IL-21R knockout (KO) mice. A total of 50% of H37Rvinfected IL-21R KO mice died in 6 mo compared with no deaths in infected wild type (WT) mice. infected IL-21R KO mice had enhanced bacterial burden and reduced infiltration of Ag-specific T cells in lungs compared with infected WT mice.

NK-CD11c+ Cell Crosstalk in Diabetes Enhances IL-6-Mediated Inflammation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.

In this study, we developed a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using streptozotocin and nicotinamide and identified factors that increase susceptibility of T2DM mice to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). All Mtb-infected T2DM mice and 40% of uninfected T2DM mice died within 10 months, whereas all control mice survived. In Mtb-infected mice, T2DM increased the bacterial burden and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in the lungs relative to those in uninfected T2DM mice and infected control mice.

mTOR signaling pathway regulates the IL-12/IL-10 axis in Leishmania donovani infection.

Leishmania-induced interleukin-12 (IL-12) expression is negatively regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathways in human monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs). To extend these studies, we examined the pathways downstream from PI3K in L. donovani-induced reciprocal regulation of IL-12/IL-10 axis in THP-1-derived macrophages.