Clinical diagnostic reference levels in neuroradiology based on clinical indication.

This study focuses on patient radiation exposure in interventional neuroradiology (INR) procedures, a field that has advanced significantly since its inception in the 1980s. INR employs minimally invasive techniques to treat complex cerebrovascular diseases in the head, neck, and spine. The study establishes diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for three clinical indications (CIs): stroke (S), brain aneurysms (ANs), and brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM).

The Brain Tumor Segmentation - Metastases (BraTS-METS) Challenge 2023: Brain Metastasis Segmentation on Pre-treatment MRI.

The translation of AI-generated brain metastases (BM) segmentation into clinical practice relies heavily on diverse, high-quality annotated medical imaging datasets. The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge has gained momentum for testing and benchmarking algorithms using rigorously annotated internationally compiled real-world datasets. This study presents the results of the segmentation challenge and characterizes the challenging cases that impacted the performance of the winning algorithms.

Rescue Stent Placement for Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large Vessel Occlusion Refractory to Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Multiethnic Middle Eastern/African/Asian Cohort.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of rescue stent placement in patients who experienced acute stroke in whom mechanical thrombectomy failed.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of a multiethnic stroke database. After stent placement, an aggressive antiplatelet protocol was followed with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa infusion.

Ischemia of the parotid gland and adjacent muscles of mastication following middle meningeal artery embolization.

Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization is commonly performed as either a first-line or adjunct treatment for chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH). We present the case of a 59 year-old male patient who presented with right hemibody weakness and cognitive impairment and was diagnosed with left-sided cSDH. A left MMA embolization was performed due to the recurrent nature of the chronic subdural hemorrhage and the history of prior craniotomy.

Corpus callosum hematoma, as a rare complication of COVID-19.

A 46-year-old gentleman had a complicated course of COVID-19 pneumonia. Despite the recovery of the respiratory status, he developed corpus callosum hematoma and critical illness neuropathy/myopathy. The clinical situation became more complicated by developing pulmonary embolism that required anticoagulation.

Mechanical thrombectomy through a 'carotid-carotid bypass'.

An elderly patient presented with acute-onset right-sided weakness and aphasia. A large penumbra was noted in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory without any infarct core. The patient was noted to have a carotid-carotid bypass.

Severe intracranial atherosclerotic disease presenting as symptomatic isolated convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Isolated convexity cortical subarachnoid haemorrhage (cSAH) is a rare form of non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage localised to one or few cortical sulci of the brain without involving the adjacent brain parenchyma or spreading to sylvian fissure, interhemispheric fissure, basal cisterns and ventricles. cSAH has multiple aetiologies described in medical literature. Intracranial high-grade stenosis is rarely presented as cSAH, especially in young adult patients.

Multiple Microbleeds: A Serious Neurological Manifestation in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral illness caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is worldwide emerging evidence of multisystem involvement including different neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients. As a result, healthcare systems worldwide are not only experiencing diagnostic but also therapeutic and prognostic challenges with COVID-19-related complications.

COVID-19 Related Cerebrovascular Thromboembolic Complications in Three Young Patients.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral illness, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is currently affecting millions of people worldwide and is associated with coagulopathy, both in the venous and arterial systems. The proposed mechanism being excessive inflammation, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis.

Baseline Occlusion Angiographic Appearance on Mechanical Thrombectomy Suggests Underlying Etiology and Outcome.

Etiology of a large vessel occlusion is relevant in the management of acute ischemic stroke patients and often difficult to determine in the acute phase. We aim to investigate whether the angiographic appearance of the occlusion is related to its etiology and outcome. Patients without cervical carotid occlusions who underwent mechanical thrombectomy in our center from April 2015 to September 2018 were studied.

Transient in-stent stenosis at mid-term angiographic follow-up in patients treated with SILK flow diverter stents: incidence, clinical significance and long-term follow-up.

Background: Little is known about in-stent stenosis (ISS) in patients with aneurysms treated with flow diverter (FD) stents. The reported incidence in the literature varies significantly.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, severity, distribution, clinical significance, and possible predictors for ISS.

Endovascular glue embolization of a radiation-induced lenticulostriate artery pseudoaneurysm in a pediatric patient with optic pathway glioma: Case report and review of literature.

Radiation-associated vascular changes most commonly present in the form of stenosis, thrombosis and occlusion. However, development of intracranial aneurysms secondary to radiation is far less common and often manifests with rupture. These aneurysms are difficult to treat and associated with high morbidity and mortality when ruptured compared with saccular aneurysms unrelated to radiation treatment.

Canadian Registry of LVIS Jr for Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms (CaRLA).

Introduction: Stents reduce the rate of angiographic recurrence of intracranial aneurysms. The newest stent for intracranial use is the Low-profile Visible Intraluminal Support device (LVIS Jr).

Objective: To assess the efficacy of the new stent in a multicenter retrospective registry.

Quantitative non-contrast measurements improve diagnosing dural venous sinus thrombosis.

Introduction: The only direct sign of sinus thrombosis on non-contrast computerized tomography (NCCT) is the hyperdense sign. The purpose of our study was to assess quantitative parameters for diagnosis of superficial venous sinus thrombosis and to compare these quantitative criteria with the current standard of qualitative evaluation.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 18 patients with acute superficial sinus thrombosis and 18 matched controls.

Extracranial Venous abnormalities: A true pathological finding in patients with multiple sclerosis or an anatomical variant?

Objective: To evaluate the extracranial venous anatomy with contrast-enhanced MR venogram (CE-MRV) in patients without multiple sclerosis (MS), and assess the prevalence of various venous anomalies such as asymmetry and stenosis in this population.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively recruited 100 patients without MS, aged 18-60 years, referred for contrast-enhanced MRI. They underwent additional CE-MRV from skull base to mediastinum on a 3T scanner.

The use of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR) technique in evaluation of patients with cervical spine trauma: impact on radiation dose reduction and image quality.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR) technique on the image quality and radiation dose reduction. The comparison was made with the traditional filtered back projection (FBP) technique.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 78 patients, who underwent cervical spine CT for blunt cervical trauma between 1 June 2010 and 30 November 2010.

Role of neuroimaging in multidisciplinary approach towards Non-Alzheimer's dementia.

Dementia is defined as chronic deterioration of intellectual function and cognitive skills significant enough to interfere with the ability to perform daily activities. Recent advances in the treatment of dementia have renewed interest in the use of various neuroimaging techniques that can assist in the diagnosis and differentiation of various subtypes. Neuroimaging and computational techniques have helped the radiological community to monitor disease progression of various neurodegenerative conditions presenting with dementia, such as Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTLD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multisystem atrophy-cerebellar variant (MSA-C), and their response to newer therapies.

Computed tomographic angiography and cerebral blood volume can predict final infarct volume and outcome after recanalization.

Background And Purpose: Recanalization rates are higher in acute anterior stroke treated with stent-retrievers when compared with older techniques. However, some still have sizeable infarcts and poor outcome. This may be related to underestimation of core infarct on nonenhanced computed tomography (NECT).

An unusual case of isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy secondary to osteophytic projection from the atlanto-occipital joint.

We describe an unusual and rare case of isolated left hypoglossal nerve palsy secondary to compression from a prominent degenerative osteophyte from the left atlanto-occipital joint. The hypoglossal nerve is a purely motor cranial nerve innervating the tongue musculature. Palsy of the hypoglossal nerve is frequently associated with other cranial nerve palsies and can be related to vascular, neoplastic, infectious or traumatic conditions.

The efficacy of transforaminal epidural steroid injections in lumbosacral radiculopathy.

Background: Transformational epidural steroid (TFES) is commonly used to treat lumbosacral radicular pain. However, very few studies have systematically evaluated the quality of analgesia following such procedures with respect to time.

Objective: To evaluate long-term efficacy of TFES in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy.