Analysis of Structural, Photoluminescence, and Colorimetric Performance of Gd-Incorporated BNT Ceramic.

Structural, optical, photoluminescence and colorimetric analyses of Gd (1-5 mol %) doped BNT ceramics synthesized by the solid-state reaction technique are reported. Structural analyses of all the samples are done by the X-ray diffraction method. It is shown that the samples have rhombohedral crystal structures with an RC space group.

Genotoxic Impurities in Critical Analysis of Product Development: Recent Advancements, Patents, and Current Challenges.

The current review intends to regulate and accurately evaluate genotoxic contaminants in drug substance and drug product method and formulation process development, validation, and degradation pathways. The Quality by Design (QbD) principles can be applied to the systematic evaluation and control of impurities enabled by the development of modern analytical techniques, including the performance of risk assessment, the screening of Critical Process Parameters (CPPs), and the identification of the most influential variables in the optimization of the evaluation and control methods. Current difficulties in removing genotoxic contaminants and the procedures for doing so have been outlined in this review, along with the steps necessary to acquire optimum techniques and the most acceptable formulations.

New limits of secondary β-relaxation.

Glass is an ultraviscous liquid that ceases to flow on a laboratory timescale but continues to relax on a geological timescale. Quintessentially, it has become hopeless for humans to explore the equilibrium behavior of glass, although the technology of glass making witness a remarkable advance. In this work, we propose a novel thermodynamic path to prepare a high density amorphous state of matter (carvedilol dihydrogen phosphate) using high pressure.

How Different Molecular Architectures Influence the Dynamics of H-Bonded Structures in Glass-Forming Monohydroxy Alcohols.

Primary alcohols have been an active area of research since the beginning of the 20th century. The main problem in studying monohydroxy alcohols is the molecular origin of the slower Debye relaxation, whereas the faster process, recognized as structural relaxation, remains much less investigated. This is because in many primary alcohols the structural process is strongly overlapped by the dominating Debye relaxation.

Thermodynamic consequences of the kinetic nature of the glass transition.

In this paper, we consider the glass transition as a kinetic process and establish one universal equation for the pressure coefficient of the glass transition temperature, dTg/dp, which is a thermodynamic characteristic of this process. Our findings challenge the common previous expectations concerning key characteristics of the transformation from the liquid to the glassy state, because it suggests that without employing an additional condition, met in the glass transition, derivation of the two independent equations for dTg/dp is not possible. Hence, the relation among the thermodynamic coefficients, which could be equivalent to the well-known Prigogine-Defay ratio for the process under consideration, cannot be obtained.

Evidence of pressure induced intermolecular proton transfer via mutarotation: the case of supercooled d-fructose.

This paper describes a systematic investigation on the role of pressure in mutarotation kinetics of supercooled d-fructose using dielectric spectroscopy. The structural relaxation time acts as a suitable dynamical observable to monitor the mutarotation process that enables the construction of the kinetic curves. The reaction kinetic shapes have been analyzed using the Avrami model.

Glass transition dynamics and conductivity scaling in ionic deep eutectic solvents: The case of (acetamide + lithium nitrate/sodium thiocyanate) melts.

A detailed investigation on the molecular dynamics of ionic deep eutectic solvents (acetamide + lithium nitrate/sodium thiocyanate) is reported. The study was carried out employing dielectric relaxation spectroscopy covering seven decades in frequency (10(-1)-10(6) Hz) and in a wide temperature range from 373 K down to 173 K, accessing the dynamic observables both in liquid and glassy state. The dielectric response of the ionic system has been presented in the dynamic window of modulus formalism to understand the conductivity relaxation and its possible connection to the origin of localized motion.