Composite coatings of beeswax + naphthalene acetic acid preserved fruit quality and antioxidants in stored lemon fruits.

Unlabelled: Lemon fruits are well recognized for their richness in antioxidants. The present study was conducted to maintain the antioxidant properties of lemon fruits under long term cold storage. Fruits were given different treatments of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) @ 50, 100 and 150 ppm plus beeswax (BW) @ 2% and were stored at 6-8 °C and 90-95% RH for 60 days.

Methylglyoxal metabolism is altered during defence response in pigeonpea ( (L.) Millsp.) against the spotted pod borer ().

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan ) production can be affected by the spotted pod borer (Maruca vitrata ). Here, we identified biochemical changes in plant parts of pigeonpea after M. vitrata infestation.

Effect of herbicide stress on synchronization of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.).

Weed invasion causes significant yield losses in lentil. Imazethapyr (IM), a broad-spectrum herbicide inhibits the biosynthesis of branched chain amino acids necessary for plant growth. Plant growth depends upon translocation of photo-assimilates and their partitioning regulated by carbon and nitrogen metabolism.

Induced defense responses in cultivated and wild chickpea genotypes against Helicoverpa armigera infestation.

Five desi (GL 12,021, GL 29,095, GL 29,078, H11 22 and CSJ 515) and three wild (GLW 22, GLW 58 and GLW 187) chickpea cultivars showed induced defense response against Helicoverpa armigera infestation as a result of enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, tyrosine ammonia lyase in leaves, pod walls and seeds. Catalase activity increased in leaves of GL 12,021, H11 22, GL 29,095, CSJ 515, GLW 22, and GL 29,078 after infestation compared to resistant check; catalase and peroxidase activities in GL 29,095 and GL 29,078; ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in leaves of GLW 58. The increased activity of superoxide dismutase in pod wall of H1122; catalase in pod wall of 29,078, GL 29,095 and GL 22; ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in pod wall of GLW 58; phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase in pod wall of GLW 187, H11 22, GL 20,978, GLW 22 and GLW 58 after infestation as compared to resistant check might be responsible for mitigating infestation induced oxidative stress.

Impact of post-emergent imazethapyr on morpho-physiological and biochemical responses in lentil ( Medik.).

Unlabelled: Yield reduction in lentil crop due to weed infestation is a key hindrance to its growth due to poor weed-crop competition. Imazethapyr (IM), a selective herbicide, target acetolactate synthase (ALS) which catalyzes the first reaction in biosynthesis of branched chain amino acids, required for plant growth and development. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of IM treatment on weeds, ALS enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, osmolyte accumulation, growth and yield related parameters in lentil genotypes.

Juvenile heat stress tolerance in Triticum durum-Aegilops tauschii derived synthetics: a way forward for wheat improvement.

Background: Exponentially increasing population and everchanging climatic conditions are two major concerns for global food security. Early sowing in the second fortnight of October is an emerging trend with farmers in Indo Gangetic Plains to avoid yield losses from terminal heat stress. This also benefits the use of residual soil moisture of rice crop, conserving about one irrigation.

Marker-assisted introgression of genes into rye translocation leads to the improvement in bread making quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Introgression of genes from related species can be a powerful way to genetically improve crop yields, but selection for one trait can come at the cost to others. Wheat varieties with translocation of the short arm of chromosome 1 from the B genome of wheat (1BS) with the short arm of chromosome 1 from rye (1RS) are popular globally for their positive effect on yield and stress resistance. Unfortunately, this translocation (1BL.

Methylglyoxal detoxification pathway - Explored first time for imazethapyr tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris L.).

Lentil is an important pulses crop but it's short stature and slow growth rate make it vulnerable to weed competition, limiting crop productivity. There is need to identify herbicide tolerant genotypes and their tolerance mechanism. The present investigation was conducted to understand the effect of imazethapyr (IM) treatment on accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG) and its detoxification mechanism in IM-tolerant (LL1397 and LL1612) susceptible (FLIP2004-7L and PL07) genotypes sown under control (weed free), weedy check (weeds were growing with crop) and sprayed with imazethapyr.

Insights into carbon and nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant potential during vegetative phase in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.).

The present investigation was carried out to understand the impact of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in quinoa genotypes IC411824, IC411825, EC507747 and EC507742 during pre-anthesis stage. It was observed that activities of acid invertase, sucrose synthase (cleavage) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) increased up to 75 days after sowing (DAS) and this might be responsible for providing reducing sugars for the development of vegetative parts. Enhanced activities of nitrate reductase, glutamate synthase, glutamine synthetase during vegetative growth of leaves and stem at 90 DAS assist the fixation of ammonia on glutamate molecule to synthesize amino acids at early stages.

Drought stress-induced changes in redox metabolism of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

In the present investigation, influence of water stress on redox metabolism was evaluated in the flag leaf and grains of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes viz DWRB 101, 432 ICARDA, Jyoti and 430 ICARDA at 10th, 20th and 30th days after anthesis (DAA). Relative water content, electrolyte leakage, antioxidative enzymes and their related metabolites were studied during drought stress.

Impact of phosphorous-deficit conditions on morpho-physiological traits and phosphorous metabolism in chickpea genotypes.

Chickpea, an important food legume, is primarily grown on marginal soils with low soil fertility. Although chickpea can fix N, soil phosphorus (P) deficiency in crop growing areas is a major limiting factor for chickpea production. This study was undertaken to evaluate twenty-five chickpea cultivars for morpho-physiological traits and yield under low and normal phosphorous conditions.

Inheritance and biochemical basis of yellowing of apical leaves: a unique trait in chickpea ( L.).

A unique trait, i.e. yellowing of apical/young leaves in response to low temperature and high relative humidity was identified in a chickpea genotype, ICCX110069.

Desi and kabuli chickpea cultivars had differential behaviour towards salinity stress tolerance.

Twenty chickpea cultivars were germinated under control and different levels of salt stress induced by sodium chloride and out of these, three desi (PDG 3, GL 12003, C 106) and two kabuli (FLIP-08-125-C and GLK 28127) cultivars were selected on the basis of embryonic axis growth, biomass, salinity stress tolerance index. Antioxidative enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants proline and proline metabolizing enzymes and free radical scavenging activities were estimated in embryonic axes of these selected cultivars under control and salt stressed conditions. Higher activities of catalase and Δ-pyrroline-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and sustained activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in embryonic axis along with higher SOD and glutathione reductase and maintained APX in cotyledons might be mediating salt stress tolerance in kabuli cultivar FLIP-08-125-C.

Metabolic adjustments during compatible interaction between barley genotypes and stripe rust pathogen.

Stripe rust is a fungal disease that has devastated the barley production for a long time. The present study focused on the role of β-glucan, PR proteins, diamine oxidase (DAO), polyamine oxidase (PAO), key enzymes and metabolites of phenol and proline metabolism in the stripe rust resistance of barley. RD2901 with resistant behavior against stripe rust showed increased levels of PR proteins, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) along with the accumulation of β-glucan and lignin which strengthen the plant cell wall during plant-pathogen interaction.

Comparison of cultivated and wild chickpea genotypes for nutritional quality and antioxidant potential.

Fifteen cultivated (Ten desi, five kabuli) and fifteen wild species of chickpea ( L.) were compared for nutritional traits, antinutritional factors and antioxidant potential. The average crude protein content in desi, kabuli and wild species was found to be 25.

Evaluation of nutritional quality and antioxidant potential of pigeonpea genotypes.

Three released cultivars, forty four advance breeding lines and three wild species of pigeonpea ( L. Millsp) were evaluated for nutritional, antinutritional traits and antioxidant potential so as to identify promising genotypes. The average content of total soluble sugars, starch and total soluble proteins was found to be 43.

Water deficit stress tolerance in chickpea is mediated by the contribution of integrative defence systems in different tissues of the plant.

Drought induces heavy yield losses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Besides understanding the physiological and biochemical parameters contributing to drought tolerance, we need to understand the importance of one tissue in combatting drought stress-induced oxidative stress and influencing the antioxidative defence system in other tissues.