Trimester specific reference intervals for thyroid function tests in normal Indian pregnant women.

Context: Accurate assessment of thyroid function during pregnancy is critical, for initiation of thyroid hormone therapy, as well as for adjustment of thyroid hormone dose in hypothyroid cases.

Aims: We evaluated pregnant women who had no past history of thyroid disorders and studied their thyroid function in each trimester.

Settings And Design: 86 normal pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy were selected for setting reference intervals.

Correlation between bone mineral density measured by peripheral and central dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in healthy Indian children and adolescents aged 10-18 years.

There are few large-scale studies on the utility of peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (pDXA) in children. As central dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (cDXA) equipment is not commonly available in the developing world, we assessed the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) with cDXA and pDXA in children to determine the optimal Z-score thresholds of pDXA for predicting two predefined Z-score cutoffs (≤-1, ≤-2) of cDXA in 844 subjects (441 boys, 403 girls) aged 10-18 years. The BMD of antero-posterior lumbar spine (L1-L4), proximal femur and forearm was measured by cDXA, while the peripheral BMD of forearm and calcaneus was estimated using pDXA.

Management of nutritional rickets in Indian children: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Rickets is usually attributed to vitamin D deficiency. However, recent studies have implicated dietary calcium deficiency in its etiology. Information on relative efficacy of calcium, vitamin D or both together in healing of rickets is limited.

Reference range of thyroid function (FT3, FT4 and TSH) among Indian adults.

Objectives: To generate thyroid hormone reference norms using electro-chemiluminescence technique.

Design And Methods: Cross sectional study on apparently normal 4349 Delhi adults (18-86 years). Predetermined exclusion criteria (goiter, hypoechogenicity or nodularity on ultrasound, elevated anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody, hypo or hyperthyroidism and family history of thyroid dysfunction) excluded 2433 subjects leaving 1916 (916 males and 1000 females) as the reference population.

Status of thyroid function in Indian adults: two decades after universal salt iodization.

Objectives: The aim was to find impact of two decades of universal salt iodization on the prevalence of goiter, thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid dysfunction in Indian adults.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study from Delhi, India. The subject population included 4409 adult members of resident welfare associations of 5 residential colonies, from 18-90 years of age, who participated in general health check-up camps.

Role of calcium deficiency in development of nutritional rickets in Indian children: a case control study.

Context: Nutritional rickets is usually attributed to vitamin D deficiency. Studies from some tropical countries have postulated low dietary intake of calcium as the cause of nutritional rickets. Both vitamin D and dietary calcium deficiency are highly prevalent in India.

The evolution of thyroid function with puberty.

Objective: This study was planned to describe thyroid functional status in different stages of puberty.

Study Design: We collected data from five schools across different geographical zones of Delhi. All children who consented were evaluated for anthropometry, pubertal stage, goitre status, serum free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), TSH, anti-TPO (thyroid peroxidase) antibodies and thyroid ultrasound.

High prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome characteristics in girls with euthyroid chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: a case-control study.

Objective: The aim was to find the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype in adolescent euthyroid girls with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT).

Design: This was a prospective case-control study as part of an ongoing community-wide thyroid survey in Indian schools.

Methods: One hundred and seventy-five girls with euthyroid CLT and 46 age-matched non-CLT girls underwent clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic evaluation for diagnosis of PCOS by Rotterdam 2003 criteria.

Impact of two regimens of vitamin D supplementation on calcium - vitamin D - PTH axis of schoolgirls of Delhi.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of supplementation with oral vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) on bone mineral biochemical parameters of school-going girls.

Setting: Government school (government-aided) and Private school (fee paying) in Delhi.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Peak bone mineral density of physically active healthy Indian men with adequate nutrition and no known current constraints to bone mineralization.

We undertook this study to characterize peak bone density and evaluate its determinants in a healthy cohort of young adult male paramilitary personnel. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 473 healthy men aged 21-40 yr. The effect of anthropometry and biochemical parameters on BMD was determined.

Reference range of thyroid hormones in healthy school-age children: country-wide data from India.

Objective: This study was planned to obtain normative data of thyroid functions in school-age children from different regions of India.

Design And Methods: Students from 36 schools involving 13 states across four geographical zones of India were evaluated for goiter. Subjects who consented, underwent evaluation for serum FT3, FT4, TSH, anti-TPO antibodies and thyroid ultrasound.

Vitamin D status of apparently healthy schoolgirls from two different socioeconomic strata in Delhi: relation to nutrition and lifestyle.

Forty to fifty per cent of skeletal mass, accumulated during childhood and adolescence, is influenced by sunlight exposure, physical activity, lifestyle, endocrine status, nutrition and gender. In view of scarce data on association of nutrition and lifestyle with hypovitaminosis D in Indian children and adolescents, an in-depth study on 3,127 apparently healthy Delhi schoolgirls (6-18 years) from the lower (LSES, n 1,477) and upper socioeconomic strata (USES, n 1650) was carried out. These girls were subjected to anthropometry and clinical examination for hypovitaminosis D.

Reference range of thyroid hormones in normal Indian school-age children.

Objective: There is an ongoing debate on narrowing the TSH reference range in adults. In view of the scarce data on normal values of thyroid function tests in children from India, we planned to establish a reference range for thyroid hormones in school-age children.

Design And Subjects: All children (N = 9527; 6-19 years) from six schools representing various zones of Delhi were evaluated for clinical evidence of goitre, thyroid ultrasound, serum free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4) and TSH and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies.

Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in comparison to type 1 diabetes and premature ovarian failure.

Context: Thyroid autoimmunity is the most common coexistent endocrinopathy in type 1 diabetes (T1D), Addison's disease, and premature ovarian failure (POF). Although the role of autoimmunity is being investigated in patients with sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (SIH), there is little information on coexistent thyroid autoimmunity.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the prevalence of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOAb) and thyroid dysfunction in patients with SIH and its comparison with that in T1D, POF, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (for SIH).

Vitamin D and bone mineral density status of healthy schoolchildren in northern India.

Background: Current data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in India are scarce.

Objective: We assessed the calcium-vitamin D-parathyroid hormone axis in apparently healthy children from 2 different socioeconomic backgrounds in New Delhi, India.

Design: Clinical evaluation for evidence of vitamin D deficiency was carried out in 5137 apparently healthy schoolchildren, aged 10-18 y, attending lower (LSES) and upper (USES) socioeconomic status schools.