A National Survey on Congenital Hypothyroidism Newborn Screening in Pakistan.

. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a treatable condition with a good outcome if diagnosed promptly. However, neonatal screening programs are not routinely available in developing countries in Pakistan.

Role of Radiology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in Women: A Comprehensive Review.

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Early detection and precise diagnosis are critical for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. This review explores the evolving role of radiology in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, highlighting advancements in imaging technologies and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI).

GC-MS analysis, molecular docking, and apoptotic-based cytotoxic effect of Caladium lindenii Madison extracts toward the HeLa cervical cancer cell line.

Utilizing medicinal plants and other natural resources to prevent different types of human cancers is the prime focus of attention. Cervical cancer in women ranks as the fourth most common type of malignancy. The current study used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the active phytochemical constituents from Caladium lindenii leaf extracts using ethanol (ECL) and n-hexane (HCL) solvents.

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy-Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Fusion Based on Deep Learning Network for Identification of Adulterated Polygonati Rhizoma.

The geographical origin of foods greatly influences their quality and price, leading to adulteration between high-priced and low-priced regions in the market. The rapid detection of such adulteration is crucial for food safety and fair competition. To detect the adulteration of Polygonati Rhizoma from different regions, we proposed LIBS-VNIR fusion based on the deep learning network (LVDLNet), which combines laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) containing element information with visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIR) containing molecular information.

Gene expression and anticancer evaluation of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Extracts using MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines.

In recent years, a cancer research trend has shifted towards identifying novel therapeutic compounds from natural assets for the management of cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess the cytotoxic activity of Kigelia Africana (KA) extracts on breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and noncancerous kidney cells (HEK-293T) to develop an efficient anticancer medication. We used gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS to analyze the constituents of EKA and HKA extracts meanwhile the crystal violet and the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assays were used to examine the possible cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on our cancer cell lines along with non-cancerous control.

Enhancement of spectral model transferability in LIBS systems through LIBS-LIPAS fusion technique.

Background: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is extensively utilized a range of scientific and industrial detection applications owing to its capability for rapid, in-situ detection. However, conventional LIBS models are often tailored to specific LIBS systems, hindering their transferability between LIBS subsystems. Transfer algorithms can adapt spectral models to subsystems, but require access to the datasets of each subsystem beforehand, followed by making individual adjustments for the dataset of each subsystem.

Assembly of In-Situ Gel Containing Nano-Spanlastics of an Angiotensin II Inhibitor as a Novel Epitome for Hypertension Management: Factorial Design Optimization, In-vitro Gauging, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics Appraisal.

More than 1 billion people worldwide suffer from hypertension; therefore, hypertension management has been categorized as a global health priority. Losartan potassium (LP) is an antihypertensive drug with a limited oral bioavailability of about 33% since it undergoes the initial metabolic cycle. Thus, nasal administration is a unique route to overcome first-pass metabolism.

Investigation of ultra wide bandgap Flouro-perovskite materials RBeF (R[bond, double bond]K and Li) for smart window applications: A DFT study.

The human body is affected by ultraviolet radiation because it can penetrate and harm bodily cells. Although skin cancer and early aging are consequences of prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, sun rays signify immediate excessive exposure. In this context, some structural, optical, electrical, and mechanical properties of the beryllium-based cubic fluoro-perovskite RBeF (R[bond, double bond]K and Li) compounds are examined through the use of density functional theory (DFT) within generalized gradient approximation (GGA) using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) approximations (GGA-PBE).

Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors, DPP-4 Inhibitors, and Metformin in Pancreatic Cancer Prevention.

Pancreatic carcinoma is a highly aggressive tumor that usually presents when it has already metastasized. Therapeutic options for cure remain scarce and rely on combination chemotherapy with limited sustainability. Diabetes is considered an important risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer due to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which result in increased cell proliferation.

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and analgesic potential of aqueous-ethanolic extracts of ait. and Buch-Ham.

() and () are widely found in flora of the Cholistan Desert of Bahawalpur, Pakistan and are traditionally used to treat pain and chronic disease. The current study aimed to evaluate their phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, phagocytic activity, and analgesic activity. Both the plant extracts were investigated for phytochemical screening, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, antioxidant by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, immunomodulatory activity by macrophages phagocytosis using carbon clearance rate assay and analgesic activity by acetic acid produced writhing method.

Low-affinity CD8 T cells provide interclonal help to high-affinity CD8 T cells to augment alloimmunity.

Following solid organ transplantation, small precursor populations of polyclonal CD8 T cells specific for any graft-expressed antigen preferentially expand their high-affinity clones. This phenomenon, termed "avidity maturation," results in a larger population of CD8 T cells with increased sensitivity to alloantigen, posing a greater risk for graft rejection. Using a mouse model of minor-mismatched skin transplantation, coupled with the tracking of 2 skin graft-reactive CD8 T cell receptor-transgenic tracer populations with high and low affinity for the same peptide-major histocompatibility complex, we explored the conventional paradigm that CD8 T cell avidity maturation occurs through T cell receptor affinity-based competition for cognate antigen.

COVID-19 infection segmentation using hybrid deep learning and image processing techniques.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has become a worldwide problem that continues to affect people's lives daily, and the early diagnosis of COVID-19 has a critical importance on the treatment of infected patients for medical and healthcare organizations. To detect COVID-19 infections, medical imaging techniques, including computed tomography (CT) scan images and X-ray images, are considered some of the helpful medical tests that healthcare providers carry out. However, in addition to the difficulty of segmenting contaminated areas from CT scan images, these approaches also offer limited accuracy for identifying the virus.

Validating Interactions of Pathogenic Proteins of and with Phytochemicals of and .

This study focused on the assessment of the antimicrobial resistance of () and () isolated from bovine mastitis milk samples and the revealing anti-mastitis potential of phytocompounds of and through molecular docking analysis. The mastitis milk samples were collected from various dairy farms for the isolation of the bacteria ( and ) and their response to antibiotics. Ethanolic extracts of both plants were prepared.

Primary intrapulmonary thymoma a case report.

Primary intrapulmonary thymoma (PIT), defined as the presence of thymoma tissue in the lung without an accompanying mediastinal component, is uncommon and so offers a diagnostic quandary. We describe the case of PIT in an 81-year-old man.

A cross-sectional study from Qatar on the effect of influenza vaccination on the severity of COVID-19.

To assess and compare the severity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in patients with and without a history of influenza vaccination. In this cross-sectional study descriptive statistics were used to analyze COVID-19-related parameters, including demographics, comorbidities, and severity. Normally distributed data with mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported, while non-normally distributed data was presented with median and inter-quartile range.

Heterogeneity in allospecific T cell function in transplant-tolerant hosts determines susceptibility to rejection following infection.

Even when successfully induced, immunological tolerance to solid organs remains vulnerable to inflammatory insults, which can trigger rejection. In a mouse model of cardiac allograft tolerance in which infection with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) precipitates rejection of previously accepted grafts, we showed that recipient CD4+ TCR75 cells reactive to a donor MHC class I-derived peptide become hypofunctional if the allograft is accepted for more than 3 weeks. Paradoxically, infection-induced transplant rejection was not associated with transcriptional or functional reinvigoration of TCR75 cells.

Phenotypic Analysis, Molecular Characterization, and Antibiogram of Caries-Causing Bacteria Isolated from Dental Patients.

Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. Despite scientific advances in cariology, dental caries remains a severe global concern. The aim of this study was to determine the optimization of microbial and molecular techniques for the detection of cariogenic pathogens in dental caries patients, the prevalence of cariogenic bacteria on the basis of socioeconomic, climatological, and hygienic factors, and in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of selected synthetic antibiotics and herbal extracts.

RotaRod and acoustic startle reflex performance of two potential mouse models for Meniere's disease.

Meniere's disease (MD) is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by chronic episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, increased aural pressure, and sensorineural hearing loss. Causes of MD are unknown, but endolymphatic hydrops is a hallmark. In addition, 5%-15% of MD cases have been identified as familial.