Efficacy of high-intensity interval and continuous endurance trainings on cecal microbiota metabolites and inflammatory factors in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet.

Physical exercise is known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and control the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. In this research, we intend to investigate and compare the effect of high-intensity interval and continuous endurance trainings (HIIT and CET) on cecal microbiota metabolites and inflammatory factors in diabetic rats. A number of Wistar rats were made diabetic by a high-fat diet and trained under two types of exercise protocols, HIIT and CET.

The Anticancer Role of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles by Inducing Antioxidant Activity in Esophageal Cancer and Cancer Stem-Like ESCC Spheres.

Introduction: Esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a poor prognosis, a high rate of metastasis, and rapid clinical progression. One hypothesis is that therapeutic failure is due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC). Previous studies showed the anticancer effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) in different cancer cells.

High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cardiac Function by miR-206 Dependent HSP60 Induction in Diabetic Rats.

Objective: A role for microRNAs is implicated in several biological and pathological processes. We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on molecular markers of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats.

Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (260 ± 10 g; aged 8 weeks) with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (55 mg/kg, IP) were randomly allocated to three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT.

The role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Insulin resistance, the most important characteristic of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is mostly caused by impairment in the insulin receptor (IR) signal transduction pathway. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), one of the main negative regulators of the IR signaling pathway, is broadly expressed in various cells and tissues. PTP1B decreases the phosphorylation of the IR resulting in insulin resistance in various tissues.

Effect of biotin supplementation on neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve in the rat.

Background And Purpose: Neuropathic pain is one of the most common types of chronic pain that is very difficult to treat. Numerous studies have shown the potential role of vitamins in relieving both hyperalgesia and allodynia. Based on the convincing evidence, this study was designed to evaluate the possible antinociceptive effect of biotin on neuropathic pain in rats.

Positive Correlation between Circulating Fetuin-A and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Men.

Objective: Fetuin-A serves a dual function; its high levels are associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and on the other hand, it serves as a potent inhibitor of ectopic vascular calcification. Due to the opposing findings, the aim of the current study was to investigate serum fetuin-A levels in men with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: In the case-control study, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were determined in 83 men (43 CAD patients and 40 control subjects).

Hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber during conventional in-office bleaching and diode laser-assisted bleaching with three different wavelengths.

Background And Aims: Penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber and subsequent tooth hypersensitivity is a common concern in dental bleaching. The aim of this study was to assess the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HO) into the pulp chamber in diode-laser activated bleaching with different laser wavelengths.

Materials And Methods: Fifty extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were collected and divided into five groups(n = 10).

High-Intensity Interval Training Reversed High-Fat Diet-Induced M1-Macrophage Polarization in Rat Adipose Tissue via Inhibition of NOTCH Signaling.

Introduction: There is accumulating evidence on the beneficial effect of exercise intervention in the management of metabolic disorders; however, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, the current study aimed to compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous endurance training (CET) on serum and adipose-tissue markers of M1/M2 macrophage polarization.

Methods: A total of 45 healthy male Wistar rats were divided into groups of normal chow (n=10) and high-fat diet (HFD) (n=35).

Serum C1q/TNF-Related Protein-2 (CTRP2) Levels are Associated with Coronary Artery Disease.

Recent studies have shown that complement C1q tumor necrosis factor related proteins (CTRPs) such as adiponectin, have different regulatory roles on the cardiovascular system. CTRP2 is the most similar to adiponectin and one of the best characterized beneficial adipokines important in the regulation of whole body metabolism. However, there were no studies about the relationship between CTRP2 and Coronary artery disease (CAD).

Cardioprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids and ascorbic acid improve regenerative capacity of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac lineage cells.

One of the major issues in cell therapy of myocardial infarction (MI) is early death of engrafted cells in a harsh oxidative stress environment, which limits the potential therapeutic utility of this strategy in the clinical setting. Increasing evidence implicates beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and ascorbic acid (AA) in cardiovascular diseases, in particular their role in ameliorating fibrosis. In the current study, we aim to assess the cytoprotective role of EPA + DHA and AA in protecting embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived cardiac lineage cells and amelioration of fibrosis.

Differential expressions of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy.

This study investigated the mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from type 2 diabetes patients with retinopathy (diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients) ( = 86) and those without retinopathy ( = 103). The mRNA expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3 was found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy. Notably, protein levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 were higher in patients with DR compared with controls after adjusting for diabetes duration and taking metformin ( = .

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) effectively enhances heart function via miR-195 dependent cardiomyopathy reduction in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced diabetic rats.

Regarding the fact that up-regulation of miR-195 in diabetic hearts has a potential role in diabetic cardiomyopathy, the present study investigated whether continuous endurance training (CET) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) reduces miR-195 expression and which exercise is effective in this regard. Diabetes was induced by high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD). Then, the rats were sub-divided into three categories; sedentary (HFHFD + SED), continuous endurance training (HFHFD + CET), and high-intensity interval training group (HFHFD + HIIT).

The effects of quercetin supplementation on metabolic and hormonal parameters as well as plasma concentration and gene expression of resistin in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of quercetin on metabolic and hormonal parameters as well as plasma concentration and gene expression of resistin in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 78 overweight or obese women (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 40 kg/m , 20-40 years) with PCOS were recruited. Patients were randomized to receive 1,000 mg/day quercetin or placebo for 12 weeks.

Oral Quercetin Supplementation Enhances Adiponectin Receptor Transcript Expression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an ovarian-pituitary axis androgen disorder, is a common endocrine disease in women. Obesity-induced androgenesis and imbalance of adipokine secretion may lead to some metabolic features of PCOS. The beneficial effects of polyphenolic compounds such as quercetin have been reported, however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not entirely understood.

Aerobic endurance training improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) features via miR-33 dependent autophagy induction in high fat diet fed mice.

Due to changes in life style, obesity and obesity related complication such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease caused worldwide health problems. Regular exercise has been frequently prescribed to combat metabolic complication of obesity but its molecular mechanism has not been fully illustrated. We investigated molecular mechanism of lipid lowering effect of exercise training in high fat diet fed mice by focusing on miR-33 expression and autophagy pathway.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is required for cardiac lineage differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been shown to regulate multiple cellular events such as differentiation, cell growth, and proliferation; however, the role of PTP1B in differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into cardiomyocytes remains unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PTP1B inhibition on differentiation of ES cells into cardiomyocytes. PTP1B mRNA and protein levels were increased during the differentiation of ES cells into cardiomyocytes.

The association between bone turnover markers and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes.

Background: Global epidemic of diabetes is a serious health care concern because of its complications and consequently reduced life expectancy and increased morbidity. However, the bone turnover and thus bone health may be affected or even compromised by diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to assess whether bone turnover markers are associated with diabetes micro-vascular complications.

SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) inhibition ameliorates high glucose-induced de-novo lipogenesis and VLDL production through regulating AMPK/mTOR/SREBP1 pathway and ROS production in HepG2 cells.

Hepatic de-novo lipogenesis and production of triglyceride rich very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is increased in the state of insulin resistance, however, the role of a negative regulator of the insulin signaling pathway, the SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) in this process, remains unknown. In the present study, we studied the molecular mechanisms linking SHIP2 expression to metabolic dyslipidemia using overexpression or suppression of SHIP2 gene in HepG2 cells exposed to high glucose (33 mM). The results showed that high glucose induced SHIP2 mRNA and protein levels in HepG2 cells.

Molecular and cellular mechanisms linking inflammation to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.

Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide, and it is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It is now commonly accepted that chronic inflammation associated with obesity induces insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in diabetic patients. Obesity-associated inflammation is characterized by increased abundance of macrophages and enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue.

SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) regulates de-novo lipogenesis and secretion of apoB100 containing lipoproteins in HepG2 cells.

Hepatic de-novo lipogenesis and production of triglyceride rich VLDL are regulated via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade, however, the role of a negative regulator of this pathway, the SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) in this process, remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the molecular link between SHIP2 expression and metabolic dyslipidemia using overexpression or suppression of SHIP2 gene in HepG2 cells. The results showed that overexpression of the wild type SHIP2 gene (SHIP2-WT) led to a higher total lipid content (28%) compared to control, whereas overexpression of the dominant negative SHIP2 gene (SHIP2-DN) reduced total lipid content in oleate treated cells by 40%.

Inhibition of SH2-domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) ameliorates palmitate induced-apoptosis through regulating Akt/FOXO1 pathway and ROS production in HepG2 cells.

The serine-threonine kinase Akt regulates proliferation and survival by phosphorylating a network of protein substrates; however, the role of a negative regulator of the Akt pathway, the SH2-domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) in apoptosis of the hepatocytes, remains unknown. In the present study, we studied the molecular mechanisms linking SHIP2 expression to apoptosis using overexpression or suppression of SHIP2 gene in HepG2 cells exposed to palmitate (0.5 mM).

Suitable bone markers assessing bone status in patients with both coronary artery disease and diabetes.

Background: We aimed to investigate the bone turnover markers in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in comparison with control subjects without CAD and T2DM.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 45 subjects undergoing elective heart surgery; either for coronary artery bypass grafting or for valve surgery. According to angiographic results, participants were grouped in two groups with CAD (n = 33) and without CAD (n = 12).

Palmitate induces SHIP2 expression via the ceramide-mediated activation of NF-κB, and JNK in skeletal muscle cells.

Aims: Elevated plasma free fatty acids impair the insulin signaling by induction of the expression of protein phosphatases. However, the effect of palmitate on SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) expression has not been investigated. Here we investigated the effects of palmitate on SHIP2 expression and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in skeletal muscle cells.