Complete genome sequences of KA0011 clinical isolate used as a quality control strain of carbapenem susceptibility testing in Japan.

KA0011 had stable minimum inhibitory concentration values around the breakpoint range of meropenem and imipenem, making it suitable for use as a quality control strain for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Here, we report the complete genomic sequence of KA0011.

The importance of meropenem resistance, rather than imipenem resistance, in defining carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales for public health surveillance: an analysis of national population-based surveillance.

Background: In Japan, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections were incorporated into the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) in 2014, necessitating mandatory reporting of all CRE infections cases. Subsequently, pathogen surveillance was initiated in 2017, which involved the collection and analysis of CRE isolates from reported cases to assess carbapenemase gene possession. In this surveillance, CRE is defined as (i) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of meropenem ≥2 mg/L (MEPM criteria) or (ii) MIC of imipenem ≥2 mg/L and MIC of cefmetazole ≥64 mg/L (IPM criteria).

Quality Evaluation of Gentamicin Sulfate Reference Standards in Japanese Pharmacopoeia Using Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Combined With Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Background: Through the recent development of analytical technology, antibiotics quantification in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) has changed from traditional microbiological assays to physicochemical methods with high specificity and precision. However, for several multicomponent antibiotics without typical UV absorption, potency cannot be directly determined using instrumental methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography; therefore, traditional microbiological assays are still used. Gentamicin sulfate (GmS), which consists of three major components, C1, C1a, and C2, is such a typical antibiotic, and its antimicrobial potency continues to be assayed using microbiological methods in JP monographs.

Interhospital transmission of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Aomori, Japan.

Background: Spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is a global concern as a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections. A series of VRE faecium (VREf) outbreaks caused by clonal propagation due to interhospital transmission occurred in six general hospitals in Aomori prefecture, Japan.

Methods: The number of patients with VREf was obtained from thirty seven hospitals participating in the local network of Aomori prefecture.

Complete Genome Sequences of 24 Strains of Bacillus cereus Isolated from Nosocomial Infection and Bacteremia Cases in Japan.

Bacillus cereus is mainly associated with foodborne illness but sometimes causes nosocomial infections. We previously reported that B. cereus strains of a specific sequence type, ST1420, were associated with nosocomial infection.

A View on 20 Years of Antimicrobial Resistance in Japan by Two National Surveillance Systems: The National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases and Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance.

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan has conducted two national surveillance systems for approximately 20 years to monitor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria: the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) and the Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (JANIS). Data accumulated for 20 years by these two surveillance systems have helped depict the epidemiology of the representative AMR bacteria in Japan chronologically. The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant teaches us that once AMR bacteria have established their high endemicity, controlling such AMR bacteria requires time and is challenging.

Dissemination of IncF group F1:A2:B20 plasmid-harbouring multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST131 before the acquisition of bla in Japan.

Objectives: The Escherichia coli O25-ST131 clone is responsible for global dissemination of the bla gene. However, the prevalence of this clone in the digestive tract, devoid of antimicrobial selection, and its molecular epidemiology remain unclear. In this study, we examined the origin of bla-positive E.

Coinfection with Human Norovirus and Escherichia coli O25:H4 Harboring Two Chromosomal blaCTX-M-14 Genes in a Foodborne Norovirus Outbreak in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

Abstract: Hospital-acquired infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are a global problem. Healthy people can carry ESBL-producing E. coli in the intestines; thus, E.

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Third-Generation-Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Harboring the -Positive IncI1 Group, IncB/O/K/Z, and IncC Plasmids Isolated from Healthy Broilers in Japan.

The off-label use of third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) during vaccination or vaccination of newly hatched chicks has been a common practice worldwide. CMY-2-producing strains have been disseminated in broiler chicken production. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological linkage of -positive plasmids among broilers both within and outside Japan, because the grandparent stock and parent stock were imported into Japan.

Characterization of the IncFII-IncFIB(pB171) Plasmid Carrying in ST405 Clinical Isolate in Japan.

Purpose: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 5 (NDM-5) shows stronger resistance to carbapenems and broad-spectrum cephalosporins than NDM-1 because NDM-5 differs from NDM-1 by two amino acid substitutions. In this study, our aim was to characterize a NDM-5-producing isolate KY1497 from a patient with urinary tract infection in Japan, who had no recent history of overseas travel.

Patients And Methods: NDM-5-producing isolate KY1497 was detected in the urine sample of a patient hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Japan.

Single-Tube Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Genes Encoding Enterobacteriaceae Carbapenemase.

A multiplex PCR assay in a single tube was developed for the detection of the carbapenemase genes of Enterobacteriaceae. Primers were designed to amplify the following six carbapenemase genes: bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, and bla. Of 70 bla variants, 67 subtypes were simulated to be PCR-positive based on in silico simulation and the primer-design strategy.

IMP-68, a Novel IMP-Type Metallo-β-Lactamase in Imipenem-Susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae.

We recently detected a novel variant of an IMP-type metallo-β-lactamase gene () from meropenem-resistant but imipenem-susceptible TA6363 isolated in Tokyo, Japan. encodes a Ser262Gly point mutant of IMP-11, and transformation experiments showed that increased the MIC of carbapenems in recipient strains, whereas the MIC of imipenem was not greatly increased relative to that of other carbapenems, including meropenem. Kinetics experiments showed that IMP-68 imipenem-hydrolyzing activity was lower than that for other carbapenems, suggesting that the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of TA6363 originated from IMP-68 substrate specificity.

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O121:H19 acquired an extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene during the development of an outbreak in two nurseries.

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an important human pathogen worldwide. Although serotype O157 is currently the most dominant and important EHEC strain, serotypes O26, O111, O91, O103 and O121 are also recognized as serious pathogens that affect public health. EHEC outbreaks often occur in nurseries and elderly care facilities.

Novel Sequence Type in Bacillus cereus Strains Associated with Nosocomial Infections and Bacteremia, Japan.

Bacillus cereus is associated with foodborne illnesses characterized by vomiting and diarrhea. Although some B. cereus strains that cause severe extraintestinal infections and nosocomial infections are recognized as serious public health threats in healthcare settings, the genetic backgrounds of B.

Complete Genome Sequence of -Positive sp. MRY16-398 Isolate From the Ascites of a Diverticulitis Patient.

A novel species of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) was isolated from a patient diagnosed with sigmoid colon diverticulitis. At first, laboratory testing suggested it was or sp.; however, a complete genome sequence of the isolate, MRY16-398, revealed that it could be novel species, most similar to [] , of which taxonomic nomenclature is still under discussion.

The plasmid-encoded transcription factor ArdK contributes to the repression of the IMP-6 metallo-β-lactamase gene blaIMP-6, leading to a carbapenem-susceptible phenotype in the blaIMP-6-positive Escherichia coli strain A56-1S.

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are a global concern because these bacteria are resistant to almost all β-lactams. Horizontal interspecies gene transfer via plasmid conjugation has increased the global dissemination of CPE. Recently, an Enterobacteriaceae strain positive for carbapenemase gene but showing a carbapenem-susceptible phenotype was identified, suggesting that these susceptible strains may be challenging to detect solely via antimicrobial susceptibility tests without molecular analysis.

Japan nosocomial infections surveillance (JANIS): a model of sustainable national antimicrobial resistance surveillance based on hospital diagnostic microbiology laboratories.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now recognized as a major threat to public health, and surveillance of AMR is essential for successful containment. In 2000, Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (JANIS) Clinical Laboratory (CL) division has been launched as a voluntary AMR surveillance funded by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and managed by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases. In this study, we aimed to propose a model of sustainable national AMR surveillance which provides not only national AMR surveillance reports but also benchmarking reports to each hospital to facilitate infection control practices.

FRI-4 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex isolated in Tokyo, Japan.

Objectives: A carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex isolated in Tokyo, Japan, produced a carbapenemase that was detected by a Carba NP test and a modified carbapenem inactivation method, but none of the 'Big Five' carbapenemase genes was detected by PCR. This study aimed to identify the carbapenemase.

Methods: Carbapenemase genes were screened by WGS.