Shock wave damage from the ventral side in primary blast injury: An experimental study in pigs.

Aim/purpose: This study aimed to apply a shock wave from the ventral side of a pig and examine its effect to use the results for new body armor production for humans.

Methods: Seven male hybrid pigs were used. Each pig was placed under general anesthesia on the experimental table in a blast tube in the left lateral position to expose the front chest area, and shock waves generated by compressed air at 3.

KLC1-ROS1 Fusion Exerts Oncogenic Properties of Glioma Cells via Specific Activation of JAK-STAT Pathway.

Here, we investigated the detailed molecular oncogenic mechanisms of a novel receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) fusion, , with an adapter molecule, KLC1, and an RTK, ROS1, discovered in pediatric glioma, and we explored a novel therapeutic target for glioma that possesses oncogenic RTK fusion. When wild-type and fusions were stably expressed in the human glioma cell lines A172 and U343MG, immunoblotting revealed that fusion specifically activated the JAK2-STAT3 pathway, a major RTK downstream signaling pathway, when compared with wild-type . Immunoprecipitation of the fractionated cell lysates revealed a more abundant association of the KLC1-ROS1 fusion with JAK2 than that observed for wild-type ROS1 in the cytosolic fraction.

Hyperbaric hydrogen therapy improves secondary brain injury after head trauma.

Background: The pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by the initial physical damage and by the subsequent biochemical damage (secondary brain injury). Oxidative stress is deeply involved in secondary brain injury, so molecular hydrogen therapy may be effective for TBI. Hydrogen gas shows the optimal effect at concentrations of 2% or higher, but can only be used up to 1.

The cause of acute lethality of mice exposed to a laser-induced shock wave to the brainstem.

Air embolism is generally considered the most common cause of death within 1 h of a blast injury. Shock lung, respiratory arrest, and circulatory failure caused by vagal reflexes contribute to fatal injuries that lead to immediate death; however, informative mechanistic data are insufficient. Here we used a laser-induced shock wave (LISW) to determine the mechanism of acute fatalities associated with blast injuries.

Superior Effectiveness of a Newly Developed Nonadherent Polyurethane-Coated Surgical Patty for Hemostasis.

Background: Cotton patty is usually used to aspirate blood and cerebrospinal fluid to maintain a dry field. However, the cotton patty easily adheres to the vessels by capillary action, especially in combination with hemostat. Therefore, re-bleeding may be induced by removal of the cotton patty stuck to the vessel despite initial control of the bleeding.

Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Depression-Like Behavior in a Laser-Induced Shock Wave Model.

Primary blast injury can result in depression-like behavior in the long-term. However, the effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on the depression induced by mild blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) in the long-term remain unclear. We generated a mouse model of mild bTBI using laser-induced shock wave (LISW) and administered an SSRI to mice by oral gavage for 14 days after LISW exposure.

[A Case of Primary Intracranial Malignant Melanoma Mimicking a Traumatic Brain Contusion].

Primary intracranial malignant melanoma(PIMM)is a rare neoplasm of the central nervous system, accounting for 1% of cases of malignant melanomas and 0.1% of cases of brain tumors. Here, we report a case of PIMM that was initially considered to be a traumatic brain contusion.

A novel mouse model of mild traumatic brain injury using laser-induced shock waves.

Blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mild bTBI) has been a frequent battlefield injury in soldiers during the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Understanding the pathophysiology and determining effective treatments for mild bTBI has become an international problem in the field of neurotrauma research. Contributing to this problem is a lack of an experimental model that accurately mimics the characteristics of mild bTBI.

Poor prognostic factors in elderly patients aged 75 years old or older with mild traumatic brain injury.

The incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in elderly patients is increasing. We retrospectively investigated the poor prognostic factors at discharge in elderly patients aged 75 years or older admitted to hospital with mild TBI. We continuously enrolled 83 patients aged 75 years or older with mild TBI, in a private general Japanese hospital.

Potential Risks and Limited Indications of the Supraorbital Keyhole Approach for Clipping Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms.

Background: Internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm may be a good target for supraorbital keyhole clipping. We discuss the surgical indications and risks of keyhole clipping for ICA aneurysms based on long-term clinical and radiologic results.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 51 patients (aged 35-75 years, mean 62 years) with ICA aneurysms (mean 5.

[A Case of Retro-Odontoid Pseudotumor in a Very Elderly Individual].

Retro-odontoid pseudotumors are mainly caused by aging or rheumatoid arthritis. We treated a very elderly patient with retro-odontoid pseudotumor. A 92-year-old man was admitted with the chief complaints of difficulty walking and progressive numbness in the right upper and lower extremities.

Long-Term Neurological and Radiological Results of Consecutive 63 Unruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms Clipped via Lateral Supraorbital Keyhole Minicraniotomy.

Background: Treatments for unruptured anterior communicating artery (AcomA) aneurysm have relatively high morbidity.

Objective: To assess the lateral supraorbital keyhole approach for safe and complete clipping of unruptured AcomA aneurysm and evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes, including cognitive and depressive status.

Methods: A total of 63 patients (aged 41-79 yr, mean 64 yr) with relatively small AcomA aneurysms clipped via the lateral supraorbital approach were retrospectively analyzed among the 105 AcomA aneurysms treated by clipping from 2005 to 2014.

[Primary Intracranial Malignant Lymphoma Associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS):A Case Report].

The spread of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection may result in an increased likelihood of surgery in patients with HIV infection. We treated a patient with intracranial malignant lymphoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)caused by HIV infection. The recommendations of the countermeasure manual for AIDS were followed.

[Surgical Treatment of a Giant Olfactory Groove Schwannoma:A Case Report].

Schwannomas originating from the olfactory nerve are extremely rare because the olfactory nerve does not normally contain Schwann cells. We describe a case of a giant schwannoma of the olfactory groove. A 73-year-old woman presented with anosmia persisting for 10 months.

The Relationship between Functional Outcome and Prehospital Time Interval in Patients with Cerebral Infarction.

Background: When symptoms of cerebral infarction are recognized in a patient, he or she should be transported to a hospital and should be started on the appropriate treatments. The effectiveness of delayed treatment of cerebral infarction with respect to the initial diagnosis or perception of the disease is still unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated whether the functional outcomes would improve if patients with cerebral infarction were transported to the hospital with minimum delay.

[A Case of Coexistent Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia and Hemifacial Spasm Successfully Treated with Transposition of the Vertebral Artery].

A case of coexistent glossopharyngeal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm was treated by transposition of the vertebral artery. A 60-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to pain in the left posterior part of the tongue that was difficult to control with oral medication at a local hospital. The diagnosis was left glossopharyngeal neuralgia based on the symptoms, imaging findings, and lidocaine test results.

[A Case of Foramen Magnum Meningioma Manifesting as Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy].

We report a case of foramen magnum meningioma manifesting as hypoglossal nerve palsy. A 72-year-old woman presented with progressive hypoglossal nerve palsy and lingual atrophy on the left side. Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhanced mass lesion with dural tail sign partially extending into the hypoglossal canal.

Validation of effectiveness of keyhole clipping in nonfrail elderly patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE Advanced age is known to be associated with a poor prognosis after surgical clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). Keyhole clipping techniques have been introduced for less invasive treatment of UIAs. In this study, the authors compared the complications and clinical and radiological outcomes after keyhole clipping between nonfrail elderly patients (≥ 70 years) and nonelderly patients.

Retrograde Suction Decompression Through Direct Puncture of the Common Carotid Artery for Paraclinoid Aneurysm.

Background: Surgical clipping of paraclinoid aneurysm can be very difficult because strong adhesions may hinder the dissection of the perforators and surrounding anatomical structures from the aneurysm dome. We describe our experience with using retrograde suction decompression during the clipping of paraclinoid aneurysms and discuss the relative advantages and pitfalls.

Materials And Methods: This study included 23 patients with large and giant paraclinoid aneurysms who underwent surgical treatment consisting of direct clipping with suction decompression between March 2004 and August 2014.

[A Surgical Case of Tuberculoma with Visual Disturbance].

We herein report a surgical case of multiple cerebral calculi located within the chiasmatic cistern resulting in visual disturbance. A 61-year-old man experienced homonymous lower right quadrantanopsia a few years prior. Non-enhanced head CT revealed multiple calcified lesions of about 7-mm within the basal cistern.

Usefulness of Extradural Optic Nerve Decompression via Trans-Superior Orbital Fissure Approach for Treatment of Traumatic Optic Nerve Injury: Surgical Procedures and Techniques from Experience with 8 Consecutive Patients.

Objective: To describe our experience of extradural optic nerve decompression via the trans-superior orbital fissure approach for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) and retrospectively analyze its advantages and pitfalls.

Methods: Between September 2009 and August 2014, 8 consecutive patients with TON underwent extradural optic canal decompression via the trans-superior orbital fissure approach. We retrospectively reviewed medical charts, radiologic findings, surgical techniques, complications, and final surgical results.