Effect of eucalyptus-extract chewing gum on oral malodor: a double-masked, randomized trial.

Background: Eucalyptus extracts were found to possess an antibacterial activity against some oral pathogens that produce oral malodor compounds in vitro; however, the clinical effects with respect to oral malodor in humans remain unproven. In the present investigation, a randomized clinical study was designed to test the hypothesis that eucalyptus-extract chewing gum can reduce oral malodor in the general adult population.

Methods: Subjects were randomly assigned to the following three groups: a high-concentration (0.

Fusobacterium nucleatum envelope protein FomA is immunogenic and binds to the salivary statherin-derived peptide.

We have previously shown that one of the minimal active regions of statherin, a human salivary protein, for binding to Fusobacterium nucleatum is a YQPVPE amino acid sequence. In this study, we identified the FomA protein of F. nucleatum, which is responsible for binding to the statherin-derived YQPVPE peptide.

Identification of the binding domain of Streptococcus oralis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase for Porphyromonas gingivalis major fimbriae.

Porphyromonas gingivalis forms communities with antecedent oral biofilm constituent streptococci. P. gingivalis major fimbriae bind to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) present on the streptococcal surface, and this interaction plays an important role in P.

Distinct roles of long/short fimbriae and gingipains in homotypic biofilm development by Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, expresses a number of virulence factors, including long (FimA) and short (Mfa) fimbriae as well as gingipains comprised of arginine-specific (Rgp) and lysine-specific (Kgp) cysteine proteinases. The aim of this study was to examine the roles of these components in homotypic biofilm development by P. gingivalis, as well as in accumulation of exopolysaccharide in biofilms.

Association between involuntary smoking and salivary markers related to periodontitis: a 2-year longitudinal study.

Background: Insufficient data exist regarding the longitudinal influence of involuntary smoking on periodontitis progression. This study examined the relationship between involuntary smoking and periodontitis progression and the effects of involuntary smoking on salivary inflammatory and microbiologic markers related to periodontitis.

Methods: Participants were recruited during annual health checkups in 2003 and 2005.

Effect of eucalyptus extract chewing gum on periodontal health: a double-masked, randomized trial.

Background: Studies in vitro showed that eucalyptus extracts possess antibacterial activity against cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria; however, the clinical effects with respect to periodontal health in humans remain unproven. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chewing gum containing eucalyptus extract on periodontal health in a double-masked, randomized, controlled trial.

Methods: Healthy humans with gingivitis but not deep periodontal pockets were randomly assigned to the following groups: high-concentration group (n=32): use of 0.

A Porphyromonas gingivalis tyrosine phosphatase is a multifunctional regulator of virulence attributes.

Low Molecular Weight Tyrosine Phosphatases (LMWTP) are widespread in prokaryotes; however, understanding of the signalling cascades controlled by these enzymes is still emerging. Porphyromonas gingivalis, an opportunistic oral pathogen, expresses a LMWTP, Ltp1, that is differentially regulated in biofilm communities. Here we characterize the enzymatic activity of Ltp1 and, through the use of mutants that lack Ltp1 or expresses catalytically defective Ltp1, show that tyrosine phosphatase activity constrains both monospecies biofilm development and community development with the antecedent oral biofilm constituent Streptococcus gordonii.

A novel adenovirus expressing Flt3 ligand enhances mucosal immunity by inducing mature nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue dendritic cell migration.

Previously, we showed that nasal administration of a naked cDNA plasmid expressing Flt3 ligand (FL) cDNA (pFL) enhanced CD4(+) Th2-type, cytokine-mediated mucosal immunity and increased lymphoid-type dendritic cell (DC) numbers. In this study, we investigated whether targeting nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue (NALT) DCs by a different delivery mode of FL, i.e.

P. gingivalis accelerates gingival epithelial cell progression through the cell cycle.

P. gingivalis, an opportunistic pathogen in periodontal disease, can reside within the epithelial cells that line the gingival crevice. A proteomic analysis revealed that infection of gingival epithelial cells with P.

Involvement of minor components associated with the FimA fimbriae of Porphyromonas gingivalis in adhesive functions.

The FimA fimbriae of Porphyromonas gingivalis, the causative agent of periodontitis, have been implicated in various aspects of pathogenicity, such as colonization, adhesion and aggregation. In this study, the four open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2, ORF3 and ORF4) downstream of the fimbrilin gene (fimA) in strain ATCC 33277 were examined. ORF2, ORF3 and ORF4 were demonstrated to encode minor components of the fimbriae and were therefore renamed fimC, fimD and fimE, respectively.

Nasal cholera toxin elicits IL-5 and IL-5 receptor alpha-chain expressing B-1a B cells for innate mucosal IgA antibody responses.

In this study, we examine whether native cholera toxin (nCT) as a mucosal adjuvant can support trinitrophenyl (TNP)-LPS-specific mucosal immune responses. C57BL/6 mice were given nasal TNP-LPS in the presence or absence of nCT. Five days later, significantly higher levels of TNP-specific mucosal IgA Ab responses were induced in the nasal washes, saliva, and plasma of mice given nCT plus TNP-LPS than in those given TNP-LPS alone.

Longitudinal study of the association between smoking as a periodontitis risk and salivary biomarkers related to periodontitis.

Background: Insufficient data exist regarding the long-term influence of lifestyle factors including smoking on periodontal health. The objective of this study was to examine the prospective association between smoking and periodontal disease progression and the effects of smoking on salivary biomarkers related to periodontitis.

Methods: Probing depth (PD) was measured at health checkups of workers in 1999 and 2003; additionally, lifestyle information was obtained through a questionnaire.

[Smoking and periodontal disease].

Over the past 20 years, numerous investigations have demonstrated epidemiologically and biologically that smoking is one of the most significant risk factors with respect to the development and progression of periodontal disease. In terms of the mechanism via which smoking influences periodontitis progression, various factors contribute to the deleterious periodontal effects of smoking, including alteration of both microbial and host response factors. Furthermore, since it is well known that smoking is also a risk factor of osteoporosis, the combination of smoking with osteoporosis further enhances the risk of periodontal disease.

Degradation of human hemoglobin by Prevotella intermedia.

In this study, the ability of Prevotella intermedia, an obligate anaerobic rod, to degrade human hemoglobin was determined by SDS-PAGE and the degradation was quantified by scanning densitometry. Both bacterial cells and culture supernatants degraded hemoglobin. The hemoglobin degradation by P.

Association between passive smoking and salivary markers related to periodontitis.

Objectives: The mechanism of passive smoking in terms of development of periodontitis has not been investigated. This study examined the effect of passive smoking on salivary markers related to periodontitis.

Methods: Periodontal status was evaluated on the basis of probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level in 273 workers.

Characterization of hemoglobin binding to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

In this study, binding of hemoglobin to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was characterized. The ability of A. actinomycetemcomitans to utilize hemoglobin as an iron source was examined by growth studies.

Relationship of serum advanced glycation end products with deterioration of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes patients.

Background: A close relationship between diabetes and chronic periodontitis has been demonstrated. We previously found that Porphyromonas gingivalis with the type II fimA gene is an infectious factor closely associated with the deterioration seen in diabetic periodontitis patients. In the present study, we examined whether other biomarkers are related to the development and deterioration of periodontitis often seen in type 2 diabetic individuals.

Streptococcus gordonii utilizes several distinct gene functions to recruit Porphyromonas gingivalis into a mixed community.

Dental plaque biofilm formation proceeds through a developmental pathway initiated by the attachment of pioneer organisms, such as Streptococcus gordonii, to tooth surfaces. Through a variety of synergistic interactions, pioneer organisms facilitate the colonization of later arrivals including Porphyromonas gingivalis, a potential periodontal pathogen. We have investigated genes of S.

[Stage progression of dental patients following brief interventions for smoking cessation].

Purpose: Potential effects of brief intervention for smoking cessation were evaluated by examination of stage progression with respect to quitting the habit in dental patients.

Methods: Stage progression was retrospectively evaluated in 25 patients undergoing brief interventions since April 2001 at a university dental hospital. Stage of cessation was requested prior to and following interventions (June to December 2003) according to the modification method of Prochaska's model.

Association between passive and active smoking evaluated by salivary cotinine and periodontitis.

Aim: This study attempted to determine the relationship between passive and active smoking on the basis of salivary cotinine levels and periodontitis severity.

Methods: Japanese workers (n=273) were surveyed via an oral examination, a self-administered questionnaire and collection of whole saliva. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) served as periodontal parameters.

Relationship between periodontal disease status and combination of biochemical assays of gingival crevicular fluid.

Background: Currently, no biochemical assay involving gingival crevicular fluid is utilized routinely as a screening test for periodontal disease.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of gingival crevicular fluid assay as a screening methodology.

Methods: The subject population was comprised of 27 volunteers.

Determination of smoking and obesity as periodontitis risks using the classification and regression tree method.

Background: A model that focuses on personal risk factors associated with poor lifestyle has been proposed for the etiology of generalized periodontitis. Numerous investigations have linked individual lifestyle-related factors to periodontitis risk; however, a definite relationship among lifestyle-related factors remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine which lifestyle-related factors demonstrated the greater impact on periodontitis risk.

Oral streptococcal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mediates interaction with Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae.

Interaction of Porphyromonas gingivalis with plaque-forming bacteria is necessary for its colonization in periodontal pockets. Participation of Streptococcus oralis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and P. gingivalis fimbriae in this interaction has been reported.

Contribution of periodontal pathogens on tongue dorsa analyzed with real-time PCR to oral malodor.

Oral malodor is considered to originate primarily from tongue microbiota populations. However, the relationship between oral malodor and tongue microbiota remains unclear. In this study, tongue periodontal pathogens were analyzed via real-time PCR, and the association between oral malodor and tongue periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Treponema denticola, was examined.