Site of distant metastasis affects the prognosis with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with Nivolumab.

Background: Nivolumab is approved for the treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). However, the influence of the site of distant metastasis on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor in R/M HNSCC remains unclear. We investigated the prognosis of R/M HNSCC patients treated with nivolumab, focusing on the site of distant metastasis.

Analysis of various defects and reconstructive methods after invasive thyroid carcinoma resection.

Objective: The thyroid gland adjoins the trachea, pharynx, esophagus, carotid artery and cervical skin. Most thyroid carcinomas have been treated at lower stages; however, in some cases the carcinomas have invaded the surrounding organs. After resecting invasive thyroid carcinomas, the defects vary depending on the invasion area and organs affected; subsequent reconstructive methods vary depending on the size of defect and its components.

Medial lingual lymph node metastasis in carcinoma of the tongue.

Lingual lymph node metastases are rarely seen in carcinoma of the tongue, and these nodes are not removed during neck dissection. Lingual lymph nodes are classified into medial and lateral groups, and metastasis to the former is extremely rare. A 55-year-old male with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, (stage T4aN0M0), underwent hemiglossectomy with neck dissection and free flap reconstruction.

Clinical features of IgG4-related rhinosinusitis.

Purpose: IgG4-related disease is a systemic disease that affects various organs of the body. Aim of this study is to elucidate the clinical characteristics of IgG4-related rhinosinusitis.

Material And Methods: Clinical features, laboratory findings, radiological and endoscopic findings, associated disease, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively examined in 10 patients with IgG4-related rhinosinusitis.

Tongue pressure in patients with tongue cancer resection and reconstruction.

Objective: Assessment of tongue function following tongue reconstruction is important to evaluate patient status. To assess tongue function in patients who had undergone tongue reconstruction, the surgical team used a simple, hand-held tongue pressure measurement device to measure tongue power.

Methods: Tongue power of 30 patients (25 males, 5 females; average age: 53.

Complex lower face reconstruction using a combined technique of Estlander flap and subscapular artery system free flaps.

When advanced mandibular carcinoma is resected, the defect may include lip and oral commissure. Free flap insertion is commonly used to reconstruct the lip defect. Although improvements in the oral reconstructive method via free flap use have been reported, functional and aesthetic results of the oral sphincter remain limited.

Anatomical feature of the middle cranial fossa in fetal periods: possible etiology of superior canal dehiscence syndrome.

Conclusion: Different from adults, the superior semicircular canal (SSC) protrudes into the cranium during the fetal period. This might cause adhesion of the membranous labyrinth to dura as the bony labyrinth develops much later than the membranous labyrinth. This adhesion interferes with ossification and leads to a bony defect in the SSC.

The approaches and outcomes of skull base surgery for pediatric sarcoma after initial therapy.

Objective: Surgical removal of the residual pediatric sarcoma after initial therapy is common; however, that in the skull base area still presents a formidable challenge. We reviewed the approaches and outcomes of skull base surgery for pediatric sarcoma.

Methods: Thirteen patients with pediatric sarcoma who received skull base surgery were reviewed retrospectively.

Parapharyngeal space tumors: anatomical and image analysis findings.

Objective: The parapharyngeal space (PS) is defined as the deepest space in the neck and it consists of the pre- and post-styloid regions. PS tumors originating in these regions are thought to dislocate the carotid artery (CA) in either the posterior or anterior direction. To determine the precise anatomy of the PS and its relationship with the CA in diagnostic images, we conducted cadaveric and imagining analysis.

A novel permanent tracheostomy technique for prevention of stomal stenosis (triangular tracheostomy).

Objective: Stenosis of a permanent tracheostoma after total laryngectomy lowers postoperative quality of life (QOL), and its prevention is clinically important.

Methods: From April 2003 to March 2009, the authors performed 87 permanent tracheostomies. For the purpose of prevention of tracheostomal stenosis, we had applied new technique from October 2005.

Partial maxillary swing approach for removal of the tumors in the retromaxillary area.

Objective: Removal of tumors around the pterygoid process poses difficult challenges. Our method for removal of tumors in this area using a modification of the maxillary swing approach is reported.

Methods: A retrospective study of five cases was performed using the partial maxillary swing approach.

Mechanical obstruction of the eustachian tube by the benign tumor of the parapharyngeal space does not cause otitis media with effusion.

Objective: We are reporting on eustachian tube and middle ear pathologic findings in patients with parapharyngeal tumors.

Patients: Eleven cases of eustachian tube involvement as indicated by obstruction due to compression of the tumor were assessed in this study.

Main Outcome Measures: Each patient underwent otoscopy, nasopharyngoscopy, a pure-tone hearing test, impedance audiometry, and sonotubometry.

Bony eminence on the middle cranial fossa corresponding to the temporomandibular joint.

We report a nameless bony eminence over the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its possible clinical significance. Forty-two half heads of 21 UK Caucasian cadavers (61-95 years old, mean 84.3 +/- 8.