Effect of preconditioning on propofol-induced neurotoxicity during the developmental period.

At therapeutic concentrations, propofol (PPF), an anesthetic agent, significantly elevates intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2 +]i) and induces neural death during the developmental period. Preconditioning enables specialized tissues to tolerate major insults better compared with tissues that have already been exposed to sublethal insults. Here, we investigated whether the neurotoxicity induced by clinical concentrations of PPF could be alleviated by prior exposure to sublethal amounts of PPF.

Intravenous anesthetic-induced calcium dysregulation and neurotoxic shift with age during development in primary cultured neurons.

Anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain is a concern. This neurotoxicity is closely related to anesthetic exposure time, dose, and developmental stages. Using calcium imaging and morphological examinations in vitro, we sought to determine whether intravenous anesthetic-induced direct neurotoxicity varies according to different stages of the days in vitro (DIV) of neurons in primary culture.

Hydration Promoted by a Methylene Group: A Volumetric Study on Alkynes in Water.

Hydrocarbons including a methylene group are generally considered a hydrophobic building block, in the sense that the density of their hydration water is lower than that of bulk water. However, is the methylene group always hydrophobic? In this study, we experimentally determined the partial molar volume of a methylene group in water as 14.01 ± 0.

Thiopental sodium preserves the responsiveness to glutamate but not acetylcholine in rat primary cultured neurons exposed to hypoxia.

Although many in vitro studies demonstrated that thiopental sodium (TPS) is a promising neuroprotective agent, clinical attempts to use TPS showed mainly unsatisfactory results. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of TPS against hypoxic insults (HI), and the responses of the neurons to l-glutamate and acetylcholine application. Neurons prepared from E17 Wistar rats were used after 2weeks in culture.

Only extra-high dose of ketamine affects l-glutamate-induced intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and neurotoxicity.

The neurotoxic effects of anesthetics on the developing brain are a concern. Although most of the anesthetics are GABAA agonists or NMDA antagonists, the differences in these effects on prospective glutamate-neurotoxicity in the brain is not fully understood. We examined the degree of L-glutamate-induced intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) elevation and neurotoxicity in neurons exposed to anesthetics.

Transversus abdominis plane block for bilateral orchiopexy in an 8-year-old patient with Eisenmenger's syndrome.

Non-cardiac surgery should only be performed in patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome if absolutely mandatory because these patients are at high risk of perioperative mortality. Proper anesthetic and perioperative pain management in these patients remains a controversial topic. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block provides safe and beneficial perioperative analgesia in adults and children; however, no report has described the performance of TAP block in a child with Eisenmenger's syndrome.

The influence of initial target effect-site concentrations of propofol on the similarity of effect-sites concentrations at loss and return of consciousness in elderly female patients with the Diprifusor system.

Background: Whether effect-site concentrations of propofol (Cep) at loss of consciousness and return of consciousness (LOC and ROC, respectively) in elderly women using Diprifusor are similar is unclear. We investigated whether differences in initial target Cep (Ctarget) alter similarities between Cep values at LOC and ROC.

Materials And Methods: In this study, female patients (n = 58, age = 72.

Undiagnosed thyrotoxicosis in a pregnant woman with spontaneous renal artery aneurysm rupture.

Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) rupture during pregnancy is a rare event which is associated with high mortality rates for both mother and fetus. Hyperthyroidism may be present during pregnancy. Both complications are easily confused with more common conditions.

The neuroprotective effect of ONO-1714 on NMDA-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro.

We report the effects of a newly developed NOS inhibitor on the neurotoxicity induced by NMDA on cultured fetal rat cortical neurons. To date, three different isoforms of NOS have been characterized. It has been considered that both neuronal NOS and inducible NOS activities are detrimental to the ischemic brain, whereas endothelial NOS plays a prominent role in maintaining cerebral blood flow and prevents neuronal injury during ischemia.

Effects of deep hypothermia on nitric oxide-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of cortical neurons.

Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to play a major role during cerebral ischemia. However, the protective efficacy of hypothermia against NO-induced neurotoxicity remains to be examined. In the present study, the degree of neurotoxicity induced by NO was analyzed in two temperature groups (normothermia, 37 degrees C; deep hypothermia, 22 degrees C) of cultured E16 Wistar rat cortical neurons.

Hypothermia and thiopentone sodium: individual and combined neuroprotective effects on cortical cultures exposed to prolonged hypoxic episodes.

Because there are many conflicting reports on cerebroprotective effects of hypothermia and barbiturates, we examined the degree of neuroprotection at defined temperatures (normothermia, 37 degrees C; mild hypothermia, 32 degrees C; deep hypothermia, 22 degrees C; and profound hypothermia, 17 degrees C) and various concentrations (low, 4 microM; moderate, 40 microM; and high, 400 & microM) of thiopentone sodium (TPS), alone and in combination in cortical cultures exposed to prolonged hypoxia (24-48 hr). The survival rate of embryonic day (E)16 Wistar rat cortical neurons was evaluated on photomicrographs before and after experiments. During the 24-hr hypoxic period, the survival rate of neurons was maximal with combinations of mild hypothermia with 40 microM (91.