Adaptive radiation of the genus in the Bonin Islands revealed through double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing analysis.

The Bonin Islands, comprised of the Mukojima, Chichijima, and Hahajima Islands, are known for their isolated and distinctive habitats, hosting a diverse array of endemic flora and fauna. In these islands, adaptive radiation has played a remarkable role in speciation, particularly evident in the genus that is represented by three species: and exclusive to the Chichijima Islands, and , distributed across the entire Bonin Islands. Notably, exhibits multiple ecotypes, differing in leaf hair density, flowering time, and tree size.

Validation of the IMDC Prognostic Model in Patients With Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma Treated With First-Line Axitinib: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: The objective of the study was to validate the characteristics of the International Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) prognostic model in patients treated with first-line axitinib in clinical practice.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 143 patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma who were treated with axitinib as the first-line therapy between October 2008 and February 2019. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated according to the IMDC prognostic model.

The Impact of Preoperative Severe Renal Insufficiency on Poor Postsurgical Oncological Prognosis in Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: The impact of preoperative renal impairment severity on prognosis in urothelial carcinoma remains unelucidated.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of severe preoperative renal insufficiency on oncological outcomes in patients with urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical cystectomy or nephroureterectomy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A total of 1066 patients with urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical cystectomy or nephroureterectomy at six medical centres from February 1995 to November 2017 were retrospectively examined.

Impact of bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy of upper urinary tract carcinoma in situ: comparison of oncological outcomes with radical nephroureterectomy.

The clinical benefits of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy for the management of upper urinary tract carcinoma in situ (CIS) remain unclear. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of BCG therapy for upper urinary tract CIS with those of radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Of 490 patients with upper urinary tract carcinoma, we retrospectively reviewed the post-treatment course of 58 patients with upper urinary tract CIS who underwent either RNU (RNU group) or BCG therapy (BCG group).

Longer recurrence-free survival in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with temsirolimus.

Temsirolimus did not demonstrate an efficacy advantage compared with sorafenib as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Only a few patients achieved complete responses, and the median progression-free survival rate remains short. We report one patient with mRCC who had a continuing response to temsirolimus.

Total Calcium and Albumin Are Decreased in the Deeper Epidermis of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus.

Background/aims: In our earlier studies, we reported high concentrations of intra- and extracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) in the deeper epidermis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated pruritus. To determine the cause of this phenomenon, we measured total calcium (TCa) concentrations in the deeper epidermis and performed immunostaining of epidermal albumin, which binds to Ca2+.

Methods: This study included 45 patients with CKD-stage 5, which was defined as severely reduced kidney function (i.

[Synchronous multiple carcinosarcoma of the renal pelvis and ureter: a case report].

Carcinosarcoma is a rare biphasic neoplasm, with distinct malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components. A case of carcinosarcoma arising from the upper urinary tract is very rare case. To our knowledge, only 7 cases have ever been reported in Japan.

[Surgical repair of persistent ileal neobladder-vaginal fistula using gracilis muscular flap: a case report].

A 70-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a complaint of persistent urinary leakage from an ileal neobladder-vaginal fistula. She already had undergone surgical repair for the fistula two times. The first repair was performed by a transperitoneal approach and the second was by a transvaginal approach, both of which were not successful.

[Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome diagnosed by laparoscopic examination: a case report].

A 2-year-old boy presented for the evaluation of left nonpalpable testis. Laparoscopic examination revealed right migratory testis without any abnormal appearance and a uterine-like structure with an immature gonad in rectovesical fossa. Right spermatic duct merged into the uterine-like structure on the right side.

Tapered hollow waveguide for focusing infrared laser beams.

A tapered hollow waveguide that can focus a laser beam into a small beam spot is proposed for medical and dental applications. We fabricated hollow tapered optics by using a traveling torch, and the shape was formed as a precise linear taper. For a hollow taper tip with input and output diameters of 700 and 200 microm, respectively, the insertion loss is as small as 0.