Influence analysis in quantitative trait loci detection.

This paper presents systematic methods for the detection of influential individuals that affect the log odds (LOD) score curve. We derive general formulas of influence functions for profile likelihoods and introduce them into two standard quantitative trait locus detection methods-the interval mapping method and single marker analysis. Besides influence analysis on specific LOD scores, we also develop influence analysis methods on the shape of the LOD score curves.

A practical and convenient fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds using aqueous HF in the presence of iodosylbenzene.

A simple, practical, and convenient fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was achieved by direct use of aqueous hydrofluoric acid and iodosylbenzene (PhIO). The reaction of ethyl benzoylacetate with the reagent system of aqueous HF and PhIO in CH(2)Cl(2) gave ethyl 2-fluoro-2-benzolyacetate in 98% yield. Other 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds including β-keto esters and 1,3-diketones underwent the fluorination reaction to give the corresponding fluorinated products in good yields.

QTL analyses of temporal and intensity components of home-cage activity in KJR and C57BL/6J strains.

Background: A variety of mouse strains exhibit diversity in spontaneous activity consistent with an important genetic contribution. To date, many studies have defined spontaneous home-cage activity as total distance or total counts of activity within a test period. However, spontaneous activity is, in fact, a composite of elements of 'temporal' and 'intensity' that is similar to 'velocity'.

Disruption of genetic interaction between two autosomal regions and the X chromosome causes reproductive isolation between mouse strains derived from different subspecies.

Reproductive isolation that initiates speciation is likely caused by incompatibility among multiple loci in organisms belonging to genetically diverging populations. Laboratory C57BL/6J mice, which predominantly originated from Mus musculus domesticus, and a MSM/Ms strain derived from Japanese wild mice (M. m.

Retrieval of trace gases from aerosol-influenced infrared transmission spectra observed by low-spectral-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometers.

A method for the simultaneous retrieval of gas concentrations and an extinction spectrum of aerosols and polar stratospheric clouds from infrared transmission spectra observed in the solar occultation geometry is described. It is particularly suited to measurements by Fourier-transform spectrometers with relatively low spectral resolution (0.1-1 cm(-1)).

Changes in center-of-pressure dynamics during upright standing related to decreased balance control in young adults: fractional Brownian motion analysis.

We investigated the relationships between the ability to maintain balance in an upright stance and center-of-pressure (COP) dynamic properties in young adults. Included in this study were 10 healthy male subjects in each of two groups with respect to balance ability. Balance ability was evaluated according to the length of time a subject stood on one leg with his eyes closed.

Noninvasive Measurement of Left Coronary Blood Flow Reserve by Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography: Comparison with Doppler Guidewire Ultrasonography.

The development of new ultrasound instrumentation has made epicardial coronary artery blood flow imaging easier with the use of transthoracic coronary Doppler echocardiography (TCDE). This study was performed to investigate the accuracy of coronary blood flow reserve (CFR) measurement by TCDE. In 15 patients with ischemic heart disease in the absence of valvular disease or atrial fibrillation, coronary flow at rest and flow with hyperemia induced by intravenous dipyridamole infusion were recorded by TCDE and Doppler guidewire ultrasonography.