Investigating Implicit and Explicit Communication of Highly Automated Vehicles in Japan: How do Light-band eHMIs affect Pedestrians' Willingness to Cross, Trust and Perceived Safety?

In the near future, pedestrians will face highly automated vehicles on the roads. Highly automated vehicles (HAVs) should have safety-enhancing communication tools to guarantee traffic safety, e.g.

Driver behaviors assisted by different human machine interfaces to avoid rear-end collisions during level 2 automated driving.

Objective: To practically apply level 2 automated driving in complex traffic conditions, it is necessary to prompt driver behaviors to prevent potential accidents in areas where manual interventions are frequently required.

Methods: A driving simulator experiment with 20 participants was conducted to evaluate the impact of different human machine interfaces (HMIs) on drivers' interventions in terms of braking to avoid rear-end collisions during level 2 automated driving when a motorcycle abruptly cut in near intersections. Two types of HMIs were tested: a static HMI that informed drivers about approaching intersections, and a sensor HMI that displayed real-time object recognition results.

Effects of one-pedal automobile operation on the driver's emotional state and cognitive workload.

A one-pedal system for operating an electric vehicle allows drivers to flexibly accelerate and decelerate (and even stop) by using just an accelerator pedal. Based on previous findings, one-pedal operation is considered to have the potential to increase positive emotions and decrease cognitive workload. To test this possibility, the present study compared the emotional state and cognitive workload between one-pedal and conventional two-pedal operation.

Age-related differences in effects of non-driving related tasks on takeover performance in automated driving.

Introduction: During SAE level 3 automated driving, the driver's role changes from active driver to fallback-ready driver. Drowsiness is one of the factors that may degrade driver's takeover performance. This study aimed to investigate effects of non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) to counter driver's drowsiness with a Level 3 system activated and to improve successive takeover performance in a critical situation.

Effects of cognitive and visual loads on driving performance after take-over request (TOR) in automated driving.

The present study investigated effects of cognitive and visual loads on driving performance after take-over request (TOR) in an automated driving task. Participants completed automated driving in a driving simulator without a non-driving related task, with an easy non-driving related task, and with a difficult non-driving related task. The primary task was to monitor the environment and the system state.

Effects of scheduled manual driving on drowsiness and response to take over request: A simulator study towards understanding drivers in automated driving.

Because current automated vehicles have operational limitations, it is important to ensure that the fallback-ready driver is able to perform appropriately when required to take over control of the vehicle. However, time-related increase in driver drowsiness is well-known, and drowsy driving can affect response to take-over request (TOR). It was previously reported that a scheduled period of manual driving during automated driving was beneficial in maintaining driver arousal level.

PILOT RESULTS ON FORWARD COLLISION WARNING SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS IN OLDER DRIVERS.

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have largely been developed with a "one-size-fits-all" approach. This approach neglects the large inter-individual variability in perceptual and cognitive abilities that affect aging ADAS users. We investigated the effectiveness of a forward collision warning (FCW) with fixed response parameters in young and older drivers with differing levels of cognitive functioning.

Effects of intermittent odours on cognitive-motor performance and brain functioning during mental fatigue.

Unlabelled: Effects of intermittent presentation of odours on cognitive-motor performance and brain activity during mental fatigue were examined using event-related brain potentials. Participants performed a Go/NoGo task for 60 min, in both odour and air control conditions. The time-on-task reaction time increase was significantly smaller in the odour condition than in the air control condition.