High-Q two-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavity on glass with an upper glass thin film.

We numerically analyze two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities on glass with a thin glass film on top of the structure. We investigated a multistep heterostructure GaAs PhC nanocavity located on glass. We found that covering the structure even with a very thin glass film efficiently suppresses unwanted polarization mode conversion occurring due to the asymmetric refractive index environment around the PhC.

Efficient light couplers to topological slow light waveguides in valley photonic crystals.

We numerically and experimentally demonstrate efficient light couplers between topological slow light waveguides in valley photonic crystals (VPhCs) and wire waveguides. By numerical simulations, we obtained a high coupling efficiency of -0.84 dB/coupler on average in the slow light regime of a group index n = 10 - 30.

Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty via a frown incision.

Purpose: To assess the outcomes of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) via a sclerocorneal frown incision.

Study Design: Retrospective comparative study.

Methods: The outcomes of Descement stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) were retrospectively compared between 36 patients (36 eyes) who underwent surgery via a 3.

Effects of truncations in the N- and C-terminal domains of filensin on filament formation with phakinin in cell-free conditions and cultured cells.

Filensin and phakinin are lens fiber cell-specific proteins that constitute the beaded filaments (BFs) that are critical for maintaining lens transparency. In the Shumiya cataract rat, filensin 94 kDa undergoes N- and C-terminal proteolytic processing to give a transient 50 kDa fragment and a final 38 kDa fragment, just before opacification. To characterize the effects of this processing on filensin function, recombinant proteins representing the two filensin fragments, termed Fil(30-416) and Fil(30-369), respectively, were examined.

Influence of blending and layer-by-layer assembly methods on chitosan-gelatin composite films enriched with curcumin nanoemulsion.

In this study, gelatin (GE) was composited with chitosan films (CH) and chitosan films incorporated with curcumin nanoemulsion (CH-CNE) through blending and layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly in order to overcome the physical limitations of the chitosan and its incorporated films. Furthermore, the distinctive effects of blending and LbL assembly on the physicochemical parameters of the composite films were assessed. The composite LbL films incorporated with GE exhibited improvement of water vapor barrier, tensile strength, solubility, which contributed to the enhanced antioxidant activity from the single components.

Optimizing the optical and magneto-optical response of all-dielectric metasurfaces with tilted side walls.

All-dielectric metasurfaces based on ferrimagnetic iron garnets are a promising platform for realizing ultra-compact magneto-optical (MO) devices with low loss. However, ferrimagnetic iron garnets are notorious for being intractable on fine nanopatterning, hindering the faithful fabrication of designed nanostructures. In this regard, it is important to assess the influence of fabrication imperfections on the performance of MO metasurfaces.

A large-scale single-mode array laser based on a topological edge mode.

Topological lasers have been intensively investigated as a strong candidate for robust single-mode lasers. A typical topological laser employs a single-mode topological edge state, which appears deterministically in a designed topological bandgap and exhibits robustness to disorder. These properties seem to be highly attractive in pursuit of high-power lasers capable of single mode operation.

Transmission properties of microwaves at an optical Weyl point in a three-dimensional chiral photonic crystal.

Microwave transmission measurements were performed for a three-dimensional (3D) layer-by-layer chiral photonic crystal (PhC), whose photonic band structure contains 3D singular points, Weyl points. For the frequency and wavevector in the vicinity of a Weyl point, the transmitted intensity was found to be inversely proportional to the square of the propagation length. In addition, the transmitted wave was well-collimated in the plane parallel to the PhC layers, even for point-source incidence.

Change in Contralateral Muscle Blood Volume During Passive Unilateral Muscle Stretching Before and After Surgery.

Objective: Passive muscle stretching is a common physical therapy for critically ill patients in the intensive care units. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of unilateral passive stretching of the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) before and after surgery on blood volume (BV) in the contralateral (non-stretched) GM in patients who are sedated after surgery.

Methods: We enrolled eight patients with esophageal cancer.

Bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins of encapsulated Thai rice bran extracts during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.

Encapsulation technique was applied to improve the stability of bioactive compounds in bran extracts from Thai rice cultivars (Khao Dawk Mali 105, Kiaw Ngu, Hom Nil, and Leum Pua), using three carriers including gelatin, gum Arabic, and the mixture of gelatin and gum Arabic. The microcapsules obtained using gelatin provided a higher production yield of 76.08, 85.

All-dielectric chiral-field-enhanced Raman optical activity.

Raman optical activity (ROA) is effective for studying the conformational structure and behavior of chiral molecules in aqueous solutions and is advantageous over X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in sample preparation and cost performance. However, ROA signals are inherently minuscule; 3-5 orders of magnitude weaker than spontaneous Raman scattering due to the weak chiral light-matter interaction. Localized surface plasmon resonance on metallic nanoparticles has been employed to enhance ROA signals, but suffers from detrimental spectral artifacts due to its photothermal heat generation and inability to efficiently transfer and enhance optical chirality from the far field to the near field.

Experimental demonstration of topological slow light waveguides in valley photonic crystals.

We experimentally demonstrate topological slow light waveguides in valley photonic crystals (VPhCs). We employed a bearded interface formed between two topologically-distinct VPhCs patterned in an air-bridged silicon slab. The interface supports both topological and non-topological slow light modes below the light line.

Operative Complications of Glaucoma Drainage Implant Tube Insertion Through the Sulcus for Pseudophakic Eye.

Precis: Malposition of the tube through the ciliary sulcus is more frequently observed with the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) than the Baerveldt drainage implant (BDI) due to the weaker rigidity of the Ahmed tube.

Purpose: To report intraoperative and early postoperative complications of ciliary sulcus tube insertion of glaucoma drainage implants (GDIs).

Patients And Methods: We performed retrospective analysis of 104 eyes of 94 patients with GDI tube insertion through the ciliary sulcus were performed.

Alteration of gene expression in mice after glaucoma filtration surgery.

To clarify the early alterations of gene expression using a mouse model of glaucoma filtration surgery, we carried out microarray expression analysis. Using BALB/c mice, a filtration surgery model was made by incision of the limbal conjunctiva, followed by the insertion of a 33G needle tip into the anterior chamber, and 11-0 nylon sutures. Subgroups of mice were treated intraoperatively with 0.

Proline-assisted Tube Insertion Through Sulcus in Ahmed Valve.

To prevent corneal endothelial cell loss, ciliary sulcus tube insertion is preferred for the pseudophakic eye. However, we sometimes encounter technical difficulties when inserting the tube through the sulcus. Even in cases in which we are able to insert a 23-G needle through the sulcus into the space between the iris and intraocular lens, the tube of Ahmed valve may stray into the vitreous cavity or under Elschnig pearls.

Physicochemical stability and in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins from Thai rice bran extracts.

The processing and digestive stability of ethanolic extracts from four Thai rice bran varieties, namely Khao Dawk Mali 105, Hom Nil, Kiaw Ngu, and Leum Pua, were assessed by applying different thermal and pH conditions, as well as in vitro gastrointestinal digestion models. High-performance liquid chromatography, Folin-Ciocalteu analysis, as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine the chemical composition, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity. Thermal treatment at 100 °C for 15 min induced the degradation of phenolic components and TPC, whereas the antioxidant activities measured by DPPH and FRAP assays remained stable after the heat treatment.

Slow light waveguides in topological valley photonic crystals.

Valley photonic crystals (VPhCs) are an attractive platform for the implementation of topologically protected optical waveguides in photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The realization of slow light modes in the topological waveguides may lead to further miniaturization and functionalization of the PICs. In this Letter, we report an approach to realize topological slow light waveguides in semiconductor-slab-based VPhCs.

Preference for particular lanthanide species and thermal stability of XoxFs in Methylorubrum extorquens strain AM1.

XoxF-type methanol dehydrogenase was recently found to be lanthanide-dependent, while its counterpart MxaF is Ca-dependent. The lanthanide (Ln) series consists of 15 different elements, all of which exist in nature, although at different relative abundances. XoxF from Methylorubrum extorquens strain AM1 has been shown to be induced by four light Ln species (La to Nd).

Response surface methodology for optimization of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion with improved stability and antifungal activity.

The optimum formulation and ultrasonic condition for fabrication of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) nanoemulsion were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The CEO nanoemulsions were formed using an ultrasonic bath (43 kHz at power output of 210 W) and an ultrasonic probe (24 kHz at power of 400 W). Probe ultrasonication outperformed bath ultrasonication since it produced nanoemulsions with smaller droplet size, narrower size distribution as measured using polydispersity index (PDI), and higher viscosity.

Spin-dependent directional emission from a quantum dot ensemble embedded in an asymmetric waveguide.

In this study, we examine a photonic wire waveguide embedded with an ensemble of quantum dots (QDs) that directionally emits into the waveguide depending on the spin state of the ensemble. The directional emission is facilitated by the spin-orbit interaction of light. The waveguide has a two-step stair-like cross section and QDs are embedded only in the upper step, such that the circular polarization of emission from the spin-polarized QDs controls the direction of the radiation.