EEG microstates associated with salience and frontoparietal networks in frontotemporal dementia, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: There are relevant links between resting-state fMRI networks, EEG microstate classes and psychopathological alterations in mental disorders associated with frontal lobe dysfunction. We hypothesized that a certain microstate class, labeled C and correlated with the salience network, was impaired early in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and that microstate class D, correlated with the frontoparietal network, was impaired in schizophrenia.

Methods: We measured resting EEG microstate parameters in patients with mild FTD (n = 18), schizophrenia (n = 20), mild Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 19) and age-matched controls (old n = 19, young n = 18) to investigate neuronal dynamics at the whole-brain level.

[A pioneer in occupational therapy at mental hospitals in local cities (approaches at Shichiyama Hospital at the beginning of Taisho Era)].

Occupational therapy at mental hospitals in Japan began in 1901, when Shuzo Kure created two sewing rooms in the female section of Sugamo Hospital and allowed patients to sew pillowcases and hospital gowns for use at the hospital. In 1904, Sugamo Hospital added a work section, and occupational therapy became an official part of the hospital. In addition, Kure stated in The Complete Book of Japanese Internal Medicine (Nihon Naika Zensho), published in 1916, that occupational therapy had also become popular at other mental hospitals; however, he did not refer to specifics, such as information on what kind of occupational therapy was being carried out at which hospital.

A pharmaco-EEG study on antipsychotic drugs in healthy volunteers.

Rationale: Both psychotropic drugs and mental disorders have typical signatures in quantitative electroencephalography (EEG). Previous studies found that some psychotropic drugs had EEG effects opposite to the EEG effects of the mental disorders treated with these drugs (key-lock principle).

Objectives: We performed a placebo-controlled pharmaco-EEG study on two conventional antipsychotics (chlorpromazine and haloperidol) and four atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, perospirone, quetiapine, and risperidone) in healthy volunteers.

Increased omega complexity and decreased microstate duration in nonmedicated schizophrenic patients.

To explore brain functions in schizophrenic patients, the global analytic strategy of multichannel EEG was performed that combines measures of global complexity (Omega), total power (Sigma) and generalized frequency (Phi), and EEG microstate analysis was applied to multichannel EEG data for 24 nonmedicated patients and 24 healthy subjects. The patients had higher Omega and Sigma values, and lower Phi values compared with healthy subjects. Three topographical classes were obtained from all EEG data by EEG microstate analysis.

The occurrence of a geode in the olecranon of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

Geode, a subchondral cyst, is sometimes seen in the femur, knee, or wrist in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). But the onset of a giant geode at the olecranon is extremely rare in a patient with RA. We describe herein a rare case of a giant geode at the olecranon in a patient with RA.

EEG Global Field Power spectrum changes after a single dose of atypical antipsychotics in healthy volunteers.

Effects of four novel atypical antipsychotic drugs (olanzapine, perospirone, quetiapine, and risperidone) on scalp-recorded multi-channel EEGs were compared with two conventional antipsychotic drugs (chlorpromazine and haloperidol) and placebo in 14 healthy male volunteers. All subjects went through seven sessions. In each session, EEGs were recorded before and 2, 4 and 6 hours after drug administration.

Global approach to multichannel electroencephalogram analysis for diagnosis and clinical evaluation in mild Alzheimer's disease.

To establish an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we evaluated brain spatial dynamics and cognitive function in mild AD. Seventeen patients with the diagnosis of mild AD and 17 age-matched controls were examined for Omega (global complexity), Sigma (total power) and Phi (generalized frequency) by 19-channel electroencephalography (EEG). As a result, the mild AD group showed significantly higher Omega values than the control group.