Combination of angiotensin II receptor antagonist with calcium channel blocker or diuretic as antihypertensive therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease.

We compared treatment with an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB) and a calcium channel blocker (CCB) combination and a fixed-dose ARB and thiazide diuretic in 18 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. A randomized crossover study was performed using a fixed-dose combination of losartan-hydrochlorothiazide or losartan combined with controlled-release nifedipine. Both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBPs) were lower during the nifedipine period than during the diuretic period.

Year-long antihypertensive therapy with candesartan completely prevents development of cardiovascular organ injuries in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Most previous studies have examined the effects of antihypertensive drugs in hypertensive animals for only a few months, and little information has been provided as to the protective effects of lifetime antihypertensive medication against cardiovascular organ injury. In this study, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated for 1 year with an angiotensin-II receptor antagonist (ARB) and the development of hypertensive organ injury was evaluated. Male 15-week-old SHR (n = 9) were given 25 mg/L candesartan (CS) in their drinking water for 1 year.

Oral vancomycin may have significant absorption in patients with Clostridium difficile colitis.

A patient on haemodialysis with bowel ischemia was given vancomycin 500 mg orally every 6 h for superimposed Clostridium difficile colitis resulting in a high vancomycin serum concentration. When treating C. difficile colitis in patients with significant renal impairment and bowel injury, we recommend administering the lower dose of oral vancomycin.

Comparison of therapies between fixed-dose telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide and losartan/hydrochlorothiazide in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

Among angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), telmisartan is suggested to function as a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) and to improve lipid and glucose metabolism. Clinical benefits of telmisartan over other ARBs may be apparent in combination with diuretics, which have harmful influences on lipid and glucose metabolism. In the present study, 21 patients treated with mild to moderate hypertension (13 women and 8 men aged 63.