Correlation between disinfection efficacy and cumulative amount of free chlorine reaching various positions during ultrasonic fogging with hypochlorite solution.

When a hypochlorite solution is ultrasonically fogged in a room, free chlorine, i.e., HOCl and OCl, reaches various positions in two forms: fine fog droplets and gaseous hypochlorous acid（HOCl）.

Inhalation of gaseous hypochlorous acid and its effect on human respiratory epithelial cells in laboratory model systems.

During the disinfection of indoor spaces using gaseous hypochlorous acid (HOCl), inhalation is the most common route of exposure for humans. In this study, an artificial human respiratory tract model was exposed to 12-140 ppb HOCl at an aspiration flow rate of 800 mL/s for 15 h in a 1 m chamber. The respiratory tract model was equipped with 5th order bronchi and all gas-contact parts were made of silicone rubber with no other chlorine-consuming substances.

Uses of gaseous hypochlorous acid for controlling microorganisms in indoor spaces.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an active species in the chlorination process. Hypochlorite salts that release hypochlorite ion (OCl) have been used for more than 200 years as disinfecting, cleaning, deodorizing, and decolorizing agents in various technological fields. In the food industry, sodium hypochlorite is the most widely used among chlorine compounds.

Efficacy of sodium chlorite in inactivating Vibrio parahaemolyticus attached to polyethylene terephthalate surfaces.

The inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells attached to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) disc in a sodium chlorite (NaClO) solution was kinetically studied in a weakly acidic pH range of 4.0 - 6.5.

Self-decomposition and half-life time of gaseous hypochlorous acid.

The concentration of the indoor gaseous hypochlorous acid (HOCl ) varied significantly during disinfection. The kinetics of self-decomposition of HOCl was studied at temperatures within the range of 10℃ to 40℃ and relative humidity between 30% RH and 90% RH in a lab-scale confined polyvinylidene fluoride gas bag space. The decay curve of HOCl , obtained by plotting the logarithm of the HOCl concentration against time, was analyzed using an integrated model that showed two simultaneous first-order processes.

Cobalt-Chromium Alloy Has Superior Antibacterial Effect Than Titanium Alloy: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Study Design: In vitro and in vivo laboratory studies.

Objective: This study aimed to compare bacterial survival on titanium alloy (Ti) and cobalt-chromium alloy (CC) using in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Summary Of Background Data: Spinal implants are frequently manufactured from Ti and CC.

Microbial community analysis in the gills of abalones suggested possible dominance of epsilonproteobacterium in .

Gills are important organs for aquatic invertebrates because they harbor chemosynthetic bacteria, which fix inorganic carbon and/or nitrogen and provide their hosts with organic compounds. Nevertheless, in contrast to the intensive researches related to the gut microbiota, much is still needed to further understand the microbiota within the gills of invertebrates. Using abalones as a model, we investigated the community structure of microbes associated with the gills of these invertebrates using next-generation sequencing.

Diversity, enumeration, and isolation of Arcobacter spp. in the giant abalone, Haliotis gigantea.

Arcobacter have been frequently detected in and isolated from bivalves, but there is very little information on the genus Arcobacter in the abalone, an important fishery resource. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and abundance of bacteria from the genus Arcobacter in the Japanese giant abalone, Haliotis gigantea, using molecular methods such as Arcobacter-specific clone libraries and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Furthermore, we attempted to isolate the Arcobacter species detected.

Kinetics of the Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Weakly Acidic Sodium Chlorite Solution.

　The kinetics of the inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in sodium chlorite (NaClO) solution was studied in the weakly acidic pH range of 4.0 to 6.5 and at various temperatures.

Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Unattached and Attached to a Solid Surface in pH-Controlled Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions.

　The inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells that were unattached or attached to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) disc in pH-controlled sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions was studied under turbulent conditions. No significant desorption of attached cells occurred at the free available chlorine (FAC) concentrations from 0.1 to 1.

The mode of action of sodium hypochlorite in the decolorization of azo dye orange II in aqueous solution.

The effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the decolorization of azo dye orange II (4-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl) azo]-benzenesulfonic acid, monosodium salt) in aqueous solution was studied as a function of pH. The first-order rate constant of color reduction (k) was evaluated from the curve of color reduction in the initial stage of decolorization. The k values increased with increasing the pH from 5.

Shelf life, dissolving action, and antibacterial activity of a neutralized 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution.

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the shelf life and the dissolving and antibacterial properties of a neutralized 2.5% NaOCl solution.

Study Design: The loss of available chlorine and the pH of the neutralized 2.

Improvement of the cleanability of pseudo-sensitized stainless steel surfaces by solution treatment.

Type 316L stainless steel particles were pseudo-sensitized by being heated at 700 degrees C for 100 h under a reduced pressure of 1.3 x 10(-3) Pa. Pseudo-sensitization treatment resulted in the formation of chromium-rich precipitates at the outermost surfaces of the stainless steel particles.

Cleanability of titanium and stainless steel particles in relation to surface charge aspects.

The cleanability of titanium and 316L stainless steel particles was studied in terms of their apparent surface charge density (sigma(app)). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the model fouling agent. Curves for the sigma(app) of titanium and stainless steel particles showed the apparent points of zero charge (pzc(app)) of 4.

Role of a surfactant in caustic alkali cleaning of polyethylene terephthalate surfaces fouled with organic substances.

The role of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (POELE), a nonionic surfactant, in removing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and catechin from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles was quantitatively studied. Relatively large fractions of adsorbed BSA and catechin were removed from PET particles under weak alkaline conditions below pH 9, whereas cleaning with high concentrations of NaOH was not so effective, especially on the removal of BSA. This was attributed to the lower susceptibility of PET particles to water-based alkali (OH-) cleaning because of the lower degree of the polarity of PET surfaces.

Mechanisms of actions of sodium hypochlorite in cleaning and disinfection processes.

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most widely used disinfectant in the food industry despite the increasing availability of other disinfectants. Sodium hypochlorite fulfills many requirements as the ideal disinfectant and furthermore it has an excellent cleaning action. The effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite in the cleaning and disinfection processes depends on the concentration of available chlorine and the pH of the solution.

Involvement of radical species in inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in saline solutions by direct-current electric treatment.

The effect of pulsed low-direct-current (DC) electric treatment on the viability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in artificial seawater and 3.0% (w/v) NaCl solution was studied as a function of available chlorine (AC) concentration. The amount of AC generated during the DC electric treatment increased in proportion to the amount of passed DC.

Cleanability of stainless steel surfaces as influenced by heat treatment.

The cleanability of heat-treated 316L stainless steel particles treated at various temperatures of 100 to 500 degrees C was studied in a plug-flow column fed by a 0.1M NaOH solution. Bovine Serum albumin (BSA) was used as the model fouling agent.

Kinetic study of desorption of two species of bovine serum albumin from alumina during alkali elution process.

Kinetics of desorption of irreversibly adsorbed bovine serum albumin (BSA) from alumina (Al2O3) particles at various surface coverages (theta) was studied in a plug-flow column by feeding 0.05 M NaOH solution. The desorption curve obtained by plotting the logarithm of the amount of residual BSA against elution time was analyzed by using an integrated model that describes two simultaneous first-order processes.