Prediction of acute lung injury assessed by chest computed tomography, oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, and serum lactate dehydrogenase in patients with COVID-19.

Introduction: In treating acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), clinicians choose respiratory therapies such as low-flow nasal cannula oxygenation, high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation, or mechanical ventilation after assessment of the patient's condition. Chest computed tomography (CT) imaging contributes significantly to diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia. However, the costs and potential harm to patients from radiation exposure need to be considered.

[Sixth wave of COVID-19 pandemic: Epidemiological survey in children].

Objectives　At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of infected children was lower than that of adults. Most cases were transmitted in the family, asymptomatic, and severe cases were rare. In the sixth wave in Japan the number of infected children increased sharply after the Omicron variant had been replaced in December 2021, which had a substantial influence in maintaining social and medical functions.

Clinical practice guidelines for the management of liver metastases from extrahepatic primary cancers 2021.

Background: Hepatectomy is standard treatment for colorectal liver metastases; however, it is unclear whether liver metastases from other primary cancers should be resected or not. The Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery therefore created clinical practice guidelines for the management of metastatic liver tumors.

Methods: Eight primary diseases were selected based on the number of hepatectomies performed for each malignancy per year.

Effectiveness of monthly and bimonthly follow-up of patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes: a propensity score matched cohort study.

Background: On average, patients in Japan with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a clinical consultation every month, although evidence for a favorable follow-up interval is lacking. This study investigated whether the follow-up interval can be extended by comparing the clinical outcomes and cost for monthly versus bimonthly follow-up of patients with well-controlled diabetes mellitus.

Methods: We combined administrative claims data from the National Health Insurance and the Health Checkups Program data of Tsu city, Japan between 2011 and 2014 to conduct a retrospective cohort study of patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Tokyo Guidelines 2018: surgical management of acute cholecystitis: safe steps in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis (with videos).

In some cases, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) may be difficult to perform in patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) with severe inflammation and fibrosis. The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) expand the indications for LC under difficult conditions for each level of severity of AC. As a result of expanding the indications for LC to treat AC, it is absolutely necessary to avoid any increase in bile duct injury (BDI), particularly vasculo-biliary injury (VBI), which is known to occur at a certain rate in LC.

Tokyo Guidelines 2018: antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis.

Antimicrobial therapy is a mainstay of the management for patients with acute cholangitis and/or cholecystitis. The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) provides recommendations for the appropriate use of antimicrobials for community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections. The listed agents are for empirical therapy provided before the infecting isolates are identified.

Tokyo Guidelines 2018: flowchart for the management of acute cholecystitis.

We propose a new flowchart for the treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC) in the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18). Grade III AC was not indicated for straightforward laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap-C). Following analysis of subsequent clinical investigations and drawing on Big Data in particular, TG18 proposes that some Grade III AC can be treated by Lap-C when performed at advanced centers with specialized surgeons experienced in this procedure and for patients that satisfy certain strict criteria.

Tokyo Guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos).

The Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis were globally disseminated and various clinical studies about the management of acute cholecystitis were reported by many researchers and clinicians from all over the world. The 1 edition of the Tokyo Guidelines 2007 (TG07) was revised in 2013. According to that revision, the TG13 diagnostic criteria of acute cholecystitis provided better specificity and higher diagnostic accuracy.

Indications and techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholangitis in updated Tokyo Guidelines 2018.

The Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) include new topics in the biliary drainage section. From these topics, we describe the indications and new techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholangitis with videos. Recently, many novel studies and case series have been published across the world, thus TG13 need to be updated regarding the indications and selection of biliary drainage based on published data.

Effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the prevention of primary gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic people: A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing risk ratio with risk difference.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is strongly associated with gastric cancer occurrence. However, it is unclear whether eradication therapy reduces the risk of gastric cancer occurrence. We evaluated whether H.

A comparison of the results of prospective and retrospective cohort studies in the field of digestive surgery.

Purpose: We compared the results of prospective and retrospective cohort studies in the field of digestive surgery to clarify whether the results of prospective cohort studies were more similar to those of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the results to compare the results of RCTs with those of cohort studies in meta-analyses of 18 digestive surgical topics. The data from the prospective and retrospective cohort studies were combined.

Early prophylactic antibiotics administration for acute necrotizing pancreatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics use for acute necrotizing pancreatitis has been explored and a number of systematic reviews have been published with conflicting results. The timing of antibiotics administration can be fundamental to their effectiveness, but thus far no reviews have focused on the timing of administration.

Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of prophylactic antibiotics for acute necrotizing pancreatitis was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina.

Treatment of acute pancreatitis with protease inhibitors administered through intravenous infusion: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The intravenous use of protease inhibitors in patients with acute pancreatitis is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of protease inhibitors intravenously administered to prevent pancreatitis-associated complications.

Methods: We updated our previous meta-analysis with articles of randomized controlled trials published from January 1965 to March 2013 on the effectiveness of protease inhibitors for acute pancreatitis.

Changes in management of acute pancreatitis before and after the publication of evidence-based practice guidelines in 2003.

Background: The Japanese Guidelines for the Management of Acute Pancreatitis was published in 2003. However, the impact of the guidelines on physicians' practice patterns has not been well known.

Methods: To examine the current clinical practices in the management of acute pancreatitis, we conducted a questionnaire survey with members of three societies involved in the treatment of pancreatic diseases and abdominal emergency medical care.

Health insurance and payment systems for severe acute pancreatitis.

The medical insurance system of Japan is based on the Universal Medical Care System guaranteed by the provision of the Article 25 of the Constitution of Japan, which states that "All the people shall have the right to live a healthy, cultural and minimum standard of life." The health insurance system of Japan comprises the medical insurance system and the health care system for the long-lived. Medical care insurance includes the employees' health insurance (Social Insurance) that covers employees of private companies and their families and community insurance (National Health Insurance) that covers the self-employed.

Pancreatitis bundles.

Clinical indicators set forth in the guidelines have been found to contribute to the improvement in compliance with the guidelines. On the other hand, it has been shown that clinical indicators are more effective when individual indicators are presented in the form of a bundle than when they are given separately. Accordingly, in the JPN Guidelines 2010 for management of acute pancreatitis, those indicators that are judged to be important on the basis of a recommendation classification of "A or B" are presented as a pancreatitis bundle.

Manufacturers affect clinical results of THA with zirconia heads: a systematic review.

In the 1980s, zirconia was introduced for THA with the expectation of lower polyethylene wear and better clinical results. However, several studies have reported poor survivorship of zirconia-polyethylene THA. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of zirconia-polyethylene THA to confirm or refute the theoretical advantages of this combination.

[Two cases of advanced biliary tract cancer successfully treated with gemcitabine combination chemotherapy].

Case 1: A man in his sixties underwent extended right lobectomy of the liver for hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma (stage III, fCur B)in July2002. CT scans revealed cancerous pleuritis in March 2005, and he was treated with the chemotherapy of GEM alone as first-line, combined chemotherapy of S-1 and GEM as second-line, and CDDP and GEM as third-line treatment. These therapies have been effective for about 20 months.

Quality of surgical randomized controlled trials for acute cholecystitis: assessment based on CONSORT and additional check items.

Background/purpose: In this study, we conducted a limited survey of reports of surgical randomized controlled trials, using the consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) statement and additional check items to clarify problems in the evaluation of surgical reports.

Methods: A total of 13 randomized trials were selected from two latest review articles on biliary surgery. Each randomized trial was evaluated according to 28 quality measures that comprised items from the CONSORT statement plus additional items.