Gestational choriocarcinoma.

Gestational choriocarcinoma accounts for 5% of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. Approximately 50%, 25%, and 25% of gestational choriocarcinoma occur after molar pregnancies, term pregnancies, and other gestational events, respectively. The FIGO scoring system categorizes patients into low (score 0 to 6) and high risk (score 7 or more) choriocarcinoma.

Improvement in radiation techniques for locally advanced cervical cancer during the last two decades.

Since the National Cancer Institute (NCI) alert of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy has been changed from external beam radiotherapy plus brachytherapy to platinum-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus brachytherapy has become a standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer. Simultaneously, definitive radiotherapy has been changed gradually from external beam radiotherapy plus low-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy to external beam radiotherapy plus high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy.

Endometrial carcinosarcoma.

Endometrial carcinosarcoma is a rare and aggressive high-grade endometrial carcinoma with secondary sarcomatous trans-differentiation (conversion theory). The clinical presentation and diagnostic work-up roughly align with those of the more common endometrioid counterpart, although endometrial carcinosarcoma is more frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. Endometrial carcinosarcoma is not a single entity but encompasses different histological subtypes, depending on the type of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.

Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium.

Clear cell endometrial carcinoma represents an uncommon and poorly understood entity. Data from molecular/genomic profiling highlighted the importance of various signatures in assessing the prognosis of endometrial cancer according to four classes of risk (POLE mutated, MMRd, NSMP, and p53 abnormal). Unfortunately, data specific to clear cell histological subtype endometrial cancer are lacking.

Uterine serous carcinoma.

Serous endometrial cancer represents a relative rare entity accounting for about 10% of all diagnosed endometrial cancer, but it is responsible for 40% of endometrial cancer-related deaths. Patients with serous endometrial cancer are often diagnosed at earlier disease stage, but remain at higher risk of recurrence and poorer prognosis when compared stage-for-stage with endometrioid subtype endometrial cancer. Serous endometrial cancers are characterized by marked nuclear atypia and abnormal p53 staining in immunohistochemistry.

Comparison Study of Self-Sampled and Physician-Sampled Specimens for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Test and Cytology.

Objective: The objective of this study was to calculate the positive rate and overall concordance rate of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) test and cytology using self-sampled and physician-sampled cervicovaginal tests and to compare both specimens.

Methods: In collaboration with 3 private hospitals in Sapporo city, 300 women visiting these organizations were enrolled in the study by previously signing an informed consent. From these women, both types of samples (self-obtained and physician-sampled) were obtained at the same time.

Contributions of the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) in Improving the Quality of Life in Women With Gynecological Malignancies.

The Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) is leading Japan in the treatment of gynecological malignancies. The JGOG consists of three treatment committees focusing on uterine cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer. Each committee makes efforts to improve treatment and diagnosis.

Advances and Concepts in Cervical Cancer Trials: A Road Map for the Future.

Objective: Cervical cancer is responsible for more than a quarter of a million deaths globally each year, mostly in developing countries, making therapeutic advances in all health care settings a top priority. The Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) is a worldwide collaboration of leading national research groups that develops and promotes multinational trials in gynecologic cancer. In recognition of the pressing need for action, the GCIG convened an international meeting with expert representation from the GCIG groups and selected large sites in low- and middle-income countries.

Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) consensus review for uterine serous carcinoma.

Objectives: Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) represents a rare and aggressive histologic subtype of endometrial cancer, associated with a poor prognosis. This article critically reviews the literature pertinent to the epidemiology, pathology, molecular biology, diagnosis, management, and perspectives of patients with USC.

Methods: As one of a series of The Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) Rare Tumor Working Group in London, November 2013, we discussed about USC many times with various experts among international GCIG groups.

Definitions for response and progression in ovarian cancer clinical trials incorporating RECIST 1.1 and CA 125 agreed by the Gynecological Cancer Intergroup (GCIG).

The Gynecological Cancer Intergroup (GCIG) has previously reached consensus regarding the criteria that should be used in clinical trial protocols to define progression-free survival after first-line therapy as well as the criteria to define response to treatment in recurrent disease using the serum marker CA 125 and has specified the situations where these criteria should be used. However, the publications did not include detailed definitions, nor were they written to accommodate the new version of Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria (version 1.1) now available.

Less impact of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: a retrospective Japan Clear Cell Carcinoma Study.

Introduction: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is regarded as grade 3 tumor, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines recommend adjuvant chemotherapy for the tumor even at stage IA. However, CCC often showed chemo-resistant phenotype, and the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy still remained uncertain.

Methods: Clear cell carcinoma cases treated at collaborating institutions during the period 1992-2005 were retrospectively identified.

Evidence-based guidelines for treatment of uterine body neoplasm in Japan: Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology (JSGO) 2009 edition.

Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies in Japan and its incidence has increased recently. Although surgery is the cornerstone of the management of patients with endometrial cancer, there is significant variation in Japan with regard to the type of hysterectomy employed. Additionally, it remains controversial whether full nodal staging is required in all patients.

Cervical Cancer Working Group report.

Disease burden of cervical cancer in Asia was summarized. Human papillomavirus 16 is the most oncogenic human papillomavirus type. Korea's national cervical cancer screening program targets women aged 30 or over, with coverage of almost 80%.

The impact of complete surgical staging upon survival in early-stage ovarian clear cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study.

Pure-type clear cell carcinoma (CCC) has been recognized as a distinct subtype of ovarian cancer, showing resistance to conventional platinum-based chemotherapy and resulting in poor prognosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of complete surgical staging procedures for early-stage CCC patients in a retrospective multi-institutional analysis. During the period 1992 to 2002, a total of 199 patients with pT1 M0 CCC were identified.

Practice pattern for postoperative management of endometrial cancer in Japan: a survey of the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group.

Objective: To determine the current status of postoperative management of endometrial cancer in Japan by surveying members of the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG).

Method: We conducted an original mail survey regarding the status of postoperative treatment including indication criteria, treatment procedures, and chemotherapeutic regimen among all 226 active member institutions of the JGOG.

Results: A total of 199 institutions (88.

Favourable prognosis with modified dosing of docetaxel and cisplatin in Japanese patients with ovarian cancer.

Background: The long-term efficacy and safety of docetaxel/cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy in Japanese patients was evaluated in order to find an optional regimen for ovarian cancer.

Patients And Methods: Women with surgically resected stage Ic-IV epithelial ovarian cancer were treated with docetaxel 70 mg/m2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 every 4 weeks.

Results: Ninety women were enrolled of whom 89 (median age, 54 years) received a median of 6 cycles (range 1 to 9).

Randomized phase III trial of pelvic radiotherapy versus cisplatin-based combined chemotherapy in patients with intermediate- and high-risk endometrial cancer: a Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

Objective: To establish an optimal adjuvant therapy for intermediate- and high-risk endometrial cancer patients, we conducted a multi-center randomized phase III trial of adjuvant pelvic radiation therapy (PRT) versus cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-cisplatin (CAP) chemotherapy in women with endometrioid adenocarcinoma with deeper than 50% myometrial invasion.

Methods: Among 385 evaluated patients, 193 patients received PRT and 192 received CAP. The PRT group received at least 40 Gy.

Progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with clear cell carcinoma of the ovary treated with paclitaxel-carboplatin or irinotecan-cisplatin: retrospective analysis.

Background: Irinotecan hydrochloride, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, has been preliminarily recognized as an effective agent against clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (CCC), but there are few clinical data. Our aim was to compare progression-free survival (PFS) between patients treated with irinotecan hydrochloride and cisplatin (CPT-P) and those with treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin (TC).

Methods: One hundred and seventeen patients at International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages Ic (ascites/malignant washing) - IV were identified by scanning the medical records of ten Japanese hospitals.

Status of surgical treatment procedures for endometrial cancer in Japan: results of a Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group survey.

Objective: We investigated the current status of surgical procedures for endometrial carcinoma in Japan by surveying members of the Japan Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG).

Methods: A mail survey focusing on hysterectomy procedures, indications for radical hysterectomy, methods for detecting pelvic (PEN) and para-aortic lymph node (PAN) status, and indications for PAN dissection/biopsy, was sent to all 215 authorized JGOG member institutions.

Results: A total of 139 (57.

Adjuvant chemotherapy with irinotecan hydrochloride and cisplatin for clear cell carcinoma of the ovary.

Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary has distinct characteristics showing resistance to conventional platinum-based regimen. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of combination therapy with irinotecan hydrochloride and cisplatin (CPT-P), comparing to regimen with paclitaxel and platinum (TP). We retrospective reviewed 172 patients with complete surgical staging procedures including lymphadenenctomy.

Successful delivery after vaginal radical trachelectomy for invasive uterine cervical cancer.

A 32-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed as having stage Ib1 adenocarcinoma by diagnostic laser conization at a local hospital. She was admitted to our hospital for fertility-sparing treatment. A radical trachelectomy (RT) was performed using the laparoscopic vaginal procedure.

The reproducibility of a binary tumor grading system for uterine endometrial endometrioid carcinoma, compared with FIGO system and nuclear grading.

Objective: A binary grading system has been proposed to assess the amount of solid growth, the pattern of invasion, and the presence of necrosis, and thereby divide endometrial endometrioid carcinomas into low- and high-grade tumors. We analyzed this system for predicting the prognosis, with respect to inter- and intraobserver reproducibility and treatment modalities.

Methods: A total of 200 endometrial carcinomas, based on hysterectomy specimens, were graded according to the binary grading system, for comparison against The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system and nuclear grading.