Promising Therapeutic Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Type II Endometrial Cancer Patients with Deficient Mismatch Repair Status.

Type II endometrial cancer (EC) is responsible for most endometrial cancer-related deaths due to its aggressive nature, late-stage detection, and high tolerance to standard therapies. Thus, novel treatment strategies for type II EC are imperative. For patients with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a promising therapeutic strategy.

Promising Therapeutic Impact of a Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulator, Fulvestrant, as Demonstrated In Vitro upon Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines.

Few studies have reported hormonal agent use in the treatment of low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSOCs), which are chemoresistant. Considering the need for novel effective therapies, we investigated the hormone receptor expression and hormonal inhibition efficacy in LGSOCs. Using immunohistochemistry, we assessed the estrogen receptor (ER) expression status in 33 cases of histologically confirmed serous ovarian tumors, including 10, 11, and 12 cases of LGSOCs, serous borderline tumors (SBTs), and serous cystadenomas (SCAs), respectively.

Mutation Profiles of Ovarian Seromucinous Borderline Tumors in Japanese Patients.

Ovarian seromucinous tumors (SMBTs) are relatively rare, and their carcinogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, the molecular features of SMBTs in Japan are assessed. DNA was extracted from microdissected paraffin-embedded sections from 23 SMBT cases.

Ovarian Endometrioid and Clear Cell Carcinomas with Low Prevalence of Microsatellite Instability: A Unique Subset of Ovarian Carcinomas Could Benefit from Combination Therapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Other Anticancer Agents.

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological malignancies; therefore, a novel treatment strategy is needed urgently. Utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors has been considered for microsatellite instability (MSI)-high (MSI-H) tumors. However, the prevalence of MSI-H tumors in ovarian endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas remains unclear.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor with Repeated Multiple Cerebral Infarction Mimicking Ovarian Cancer with Trousseau's Syndrome.

We report a case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with repeated multiple cerebral infarctions mimicking ovarian cancer. A 79-year-old postmenopausal woman had multiple cerebral infarctions with a giant pelvic tumor detected by computed tomography. Ovarian cancer with Trousseau's syndrome was suspected.

P16 expression might be associated with a favorable prognosis for cervical adenocarcinoma via dysregulation of the RB pathway.

Previous studies have largely failed to clarify the relationship between p16 status and cervical adenocarcinoma prognosis. The current study aimed to examine the clinical and pathological significance of p16 expression in several cervical adenocarcinoma subtypes. Eighty-two samples collected from patients with cervical adenocarcinoma were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer in a patient with Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome, a rare Mullerian duct anomaly, includes a triad of uterine didelphys, obstructed haemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. A 58-year-old woman with Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome, reported of recurrent genital bleeding for 9 years, was finally diagnosed with endometrial cancer. She had a history of vaginal septum resection and nephrectomy of atrophic right kidney.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp after Artificial Hair Implantation.

A 48-year-old man with a protruding tumor on the parietal region had undergone treatment of alopecia using artificial synthetic fibers 2 or 3 times a year for 10 years from 30 to 39 years old. Three months before the first consultation at our hospital, he noticed a small tumor that had gradually shown bleeding and discharge, with expansion of the affected area. A diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was made based on a biopsy, and we resected the tumor with a 1-cm surgical margin from the reddened area around the protruding tumor (14 × 11 cm), including the periosteum membrane.

A Case of Trousseau's Syndrome Accompanying Ovarian Cancer with Widespread Thromboembolisms.

The patient was a 41-year-old woman, gravida 0. She had no notable medical history. Laparoscopic right salpingo-oophorectomy and left cystectomy were performed for bilateral ovarian endometriomas, which were both pathologically diagnosed as benign.

High PD-1 expression level is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: The effectiveness of immunotherapy for cervical adenocarcinoma (CA) has not been demonstrated yet. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and CD8 may be used as biomarkers of response to immune therapy in CA patients. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, and CD8 can predict the prognosis of patients with CA and their response to immune checkpoint inhibition therapy.

High Frequency of Mutations in Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas of Japanese Patients.

The frequency of mutations associated with low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSC)/serous borderline tumors (SBTs) in Japan is unknown. We aimed to identify genetic variations in , , , and in LGSC/SBT/serous cystadenomas (SCAs) in a Japanese population. We performed a mutation analysis (by Sanger sequencing) of 33 cases of LGSC/SBT/SCA and 4 cases of LGSC with synchronous SBTs using microdissected paraffin-embedded sections.

Clinicopathological and biological analysis of mutation and amplification in cervical carcinomas.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mutation and amplification status of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α () gene, as well as the association with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis, in Japanese patients with cervical cancer. Fluorescence hybridization and polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess gene amplification and mutation. The inhibitors temsirolimus and NVP-BEZ235 were used to inactivate the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) pathway to clarify the roles of PI3K/AKT activation in cervical carcinoma cells harboring associated mutations.

Dedifferentiated Endometrial Carcinoma Could be A Target for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Anti PD-1/PD-L1 Antibodies).

Dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (DDEC) is defined as an undifferentiated carcinoma admixed with differentiated endometrioid carcinoma (Grade 1 or 2). It has poor prognosis compared with Grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinoma and is often associated with the loss of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, which is seen in microsatellite instability (MSI)-type endometrial cancer. Recent studies have shown that the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is related to MMR deficiency; therefore, we analyzed the immunophenotype (MMR deficient and expression of PD-L1) of 17 DDEC cases.

The Cytoreductive Effect of Radiotherapy for Small Cell Ovarian Carcinoma of the Pulmonary Type: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Small cell ovarian carcinoma of the pulmonary type is a rare and highly aggressive tumor for which a suitable treatment strategy has not been established. A 45-year-old woman presented with abdominal swelling, and primary ovarian carcinoma was suspected. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was small cell ovarian carcinoma of the pulmonary type.

Loss of beclin 1 expression in ovarian cancer: A potential biomarker for predicting unfavorable outcomes.

The clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of the expression of proteins associated with autophagy, beclin 1 (BECN1), 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) and high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1), were investigated in patients with ovarian carcinoma, receiving combination chemotherapy with a platinum agent and a taxane. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for autophagy-associated proteins in tumor tissues from 141 patients with ovarian carcinoma. Clinical data were collected retrospectively by reviewing medical charts, and the association between protein expression, clinicopathological features and survival was investigated.

Trichoepithelioma Arising in an Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma.

Here, we report an extremely rare case of trichoepithelioma (TE)-a benign epithelial tumor originating from the outer root sheath of a hair follicle-arising in an ovarian mature cystic teratoma (MCT) with fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) findings. A 48-year-old Japanese woman presented to our hospital for her annual follow-up of adenomyosis. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left ovarian tumor with irregular-shaped septum, which was suspicious of malignancy.

Loss of autophagy-related protein Beclin 1 may define poor prognosis in ovarian clear cell carcinomas.

The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of autophagy in cisplatin (CDDP) sensitivity in OCCCs and the role of Beclin 1 in OCCC progression. Autophagy was measured using: i) western blot analysis of LC3 and p62 and ii) microscopic observation of GFP-LC3 puncta. Autophagy was suppressed using chloroquine and Beclin 1 siRNA.

Incidence of spontaneous twin anemia-polycythemia sequence in monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies: Single-center prospective study.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to prospectively estimate the incidence of spontaneous twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS) in monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies.

Methods: We prospectively examined umbilical cord hemoglobin (Hb) and reticulocyte count of consecutive monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies delivered at Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital from December 2006 to September 2013. We excluded cases of twin-twin transfusion syndrome, intrauterine fetal demise, and missing data (Hb and reticulocyte count missing from the medical record).

PPP2R1A mutation is a rare event in ovarian carcinoma across histological subtypes.

Somatic mutations in PPP2R1A, which encodes a scaffolding subunit of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), have recently been described in different types of gynecological neoplasias. To extend this observation, we examined the frequency of PPP2R1A mutation in some major histological subtypes of type I and type II ovarian carcinoma. Mutational analysis of PPP2R1A (exons 5 and 6) was performed on 88 primary ovarian carcinomas, including mucinous, clear cell, high-grade serous, and high-grade endometrioid ovarian carcinoma.

Is ATP7B a predictive marker in patients with ovarian carcinoma treated with platinum-taxane combination chemotherapy?

Objective: This study examined the prognostic significance of copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATP7B) expression in patients with ovarian carcinoma treated with platinum-taxane combination chemotherapy.

Methods: Expression of ATP7B in ovarian carcinoma was assessed by immunohistochemistry and clinical data collected by retrospective review of medical charts.

Results: Overexpression of ATP7B was identified in 25 (29.

Notch3 overexpression as potential therapeutic target in advanced stage chemoresistant ovarian cancer.

This study examined the clinical significance of Notch3 expression and assessed its usefulness as a potential therapeutic target in chemoresistant ovarian cancer. Notch3 expression was assessed with immunohistochemical examination, and clinical variables were collected with a retrospective chart review. Notch3 siRNA or γ-secretase inhibitor was used to assess Notch3 function in ovarian cancer cell lines.

Gene amplification of ZNF217 located at chr20q13.2 is associated with lymph node metastasis in ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Background: Recently we reported that amplification of the Zinc Finger Protein 217 (ZNF217) gene adversely affects survival of patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma. This study sought to determine the mechanism by which ZNF217 amplification affects patient survival.

Materials And Methods: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect ZNF217 gene amplification status and ZNF217-specific siRNA was used to inactivate ZNF217 for in vitro biological analyses.