Development of a Heat-Inducible Gene Expression System Using Female Gametophytes of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Female gametophyte (FG) is crucial for reproduction in flowering plants. Arabidopsis thaliana produces Polygonum-type FGs, which consist of an egg cell, two synergid cells, three antipodal cells and a central cell. Egg cell and central cell are the two female gametes that give rise to the embryo and surrounding endosperm, respectively, after fertilization.

Long-lasting inhibitory effects of cyclosporin A, but not tacrolimus, on OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-mediated uptake.

Cyclosporin A (CsA) causes a number of clinically relevant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) by inhibiting OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. In the present study, long-lasting inhibitory effects of CsA on these transporters were examined in comparison to tacrolimus (TCR). OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-expressing HEK293T cells, OATP1B1-expressing MDCK II cells, and human hepatocytes were preincubated with CsA or TCR, and uptake studies were carried out in their presence or absence.

Long-lasting inhibition of the transporter-mediated hepatic uptake of sulfobromophthalein by cyclosporin a in rats.

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a well known inhibitor of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP/Oatp) family transporters, causing a large number of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions in clinical situations. In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effect of CsA on the hepatic uptake of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) in rats, focusing on a long-lasting inhibition. Twenty-one hours after the subcutaneous administration of CsA, the hepatic clearance of BSP was decreased.