Serum microRNAs as new criteria for referral to early palliative care services in treatment-naïve advanced cancer patients.

A major obstacle to the implementation of early palliative care (EPC) is the lack of objective criteria for referral to EPC. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as promising biomarkers. The present study investigated objective definitions for referral to EPC using microRNA.

Prediction of tissue-of-origin of early stage cancers using serum miRNomes.

Background: Noninvasive detection of early stage cancers with accurate prediction of tumor tissue-of-origin could improve patient prognosis. Because miRNA profiles differ between organs, circulating miRNomics represent a promising method for early detection of cancers, but this has not been shown conclusively.

Methods: A serum miRNA profile (miRNomes)-based classifier was evaluated for its ability to discriminate cancer types using advanced machine learning.

Circulating microRNAs: Challenges with their use as liquid biopsy biomarkers.

Circulating microRNA (miRNA) is a major focus in liquid biopsy studies. The circulating levels of certain miRNAs have been suggested to reflect specific physiological conditions, and several studies have reported their potential use as biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of cancer, as well as for predicting responses to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Alongside these biomarker studies, research into the effects of specific background factors on circulating miRNA levels is progressing.

Identification of circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for hepatic necroinflammation in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.

Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and could be biomarkers of disease activity. This study aimed to identify highly expressed circulating miRNAs in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and to evaluate their association with clinical characteristics.

Methods: Microarray analyses were performed, and miRNA expression profiling for AIH, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and overlap syndrome (OS) using the serum of patients and healthy individuals was done.

A miRNA-based diagnostic model predicts resectable lung cancer in humans with high accuracy.

Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, is most frequently detected through imaging tests. In this study, we investigated serum microRNAs (miRNAs) as a possible early screening tool for resectable lung cancer. First, we used serum samples from participants with and without lung cancer to comprehensively create 2588 miRNAs profiles; next, we established a diagnostic model based on the combined expression levels of two miRNAs (miR-1268b and miR-6075) in the discovery set (208 lung cancer patients and 208 non-cancer participants).

Highly Sensitive Circulating MicroRNA Panel for Accurate Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Liver Disease.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The high mortality rate in HCC is largely due to the difficulty of early detection. In this study, to improve patient outcomes, serum samples from 345 patients with HCC, 46 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), 93 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 1,033 healthy individuals were analyzed with microRNA (miRNA) microarrays.

Peripheral neuropathy from paclitaxel: risk prediction by serum microRNAs.

Objectives: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been reported as useful diagnostic markers in cancer; however, relationships of miRNAs with adverse events during chemotherapy have yet to be fully described. In this study, we examined the relationship between serum miRNA and the risk of peripheral neuropathy (PN), a common and persistent adverse event induced by paclitaxel, in patients with breast cancer.

Methods: A total of 84 serum samples from patients with breast cancer, who received paclitaxel as neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, were obtained between January 2011 and September 2013 at National Cancer Center Hospital.

Assessment of the Diagnostic Utility of Serum MicroRNA Classification in Patients With Diffuse Glioma.

Importance: A blood-based screening tool for detecting diffuse glioma is necessary to improve clinical outcomes.

Objectives: To establish models using serum microRNAs to distinguish patients with diffuse glioma from control individuals without cancer (the Glioma Index) and to differentiate glioblastoma (GBM), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and metastatic brain tumors (the 3-Tumor Index).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective, case-control diagnostic study included 157 patients with diffuse glioma and 109 patients with central nervous system (CNS) diseases other than diffuse glioma diagnosed from August 1, 2008, through May 1, 2016, and 314 sex- and age-matched controls without cancer.

Serum microRNA profile enables preoperative diagnosis of uterine leiomyosarcoma.

Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is the major subtype of uterine sarcoma (US) and contributes to uterine cancer deaths. Although preoperative diagnosis of US remains challenging, frequent application of laparoscopic surgery for benign uterine leiomyomas (ULM) requires precise exclusion of US. MicroRNAs are stably present in the bloodstream, and the application of circulating miRNAs as disease biomarkers has been recognized.

Serum microRNA-based prediction of responsiveness to eribulin in metastatic breast cancer.

The identification of biomarkers for predicting the responsiveness to eribulin in patients with metastatic breast cancer pretreated with an anthracycline and a taxane remains an unmet need. Here, we established a serum microRNA (miRNA)-based prediction model for the emergence of new distant metastases after eribulin treatment. Serum samples were collected from metastatic breast cancer patients prior to eribulin treatment and comprehensively evaluated by miRNA microarray.

Serum MicroRNA-Based Risk Prediction for Stroke.

Background and Purpose- Numerous studies have shown that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as noninvasive biomarkers of various diseases. This study aimed to identify serum miRNAs that predict the risk of stroke. Methods- The cases were individuals who had been diagnosed with cerebrovascular disorder by brain imaging.

Development and Validation of an Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Detection Model by Large-Scale MicroRNA Profiling.

Importance: Patients with late-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have a poor prognosis. Noninvasive screening tests using serum microRNAs (miRNAs) to accurately detect early-stage ESCC are needed to improve mortality.

Objective: To establish a model using serum miRNAs to distinguish patients with ESCC from noncancer controls.

A serum microRNA classifier for the diagnosis of sarcomas of various histological subtypes.

Due to their rarity and diversity, sarcomas are difficult to diagnose. Consequently, there is an urgent demand for a novel diagnostic test for these cancers. In this study, we investigated serum miRNA profiles from 1002 patients with bone and soft tissue tumors representing more than 43 histological subtypes, including sarcomas, intermediate tumors, and benign tumors, to determine whether serum miRNA profiles could be used to specifically detect sarcomas.

Risk prediction models for dementia constructed by supervised principal component analysis using miRNA expression data.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common subtype of dementia, followed by Vascular Dementia (VaD), and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have received a lot of attention as the novel biomarkers for dementia. Here, using serum miRNA expression of 1,601 Japanese individuals, we investigated potential miRNA biomarkers and constructed risk prediction models, based on a supervised principal component analysis (PCA) logistic regression method, according to the subtype of dementia.

Large-scale Circulating microRNA Profiling for the Liquid Biopsy of Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: The high false-positive rate of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) may lead to unnecessary prostate biopsies. Therefore, the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends that decisions regarding PSA-based screening of prostate cancer should be made with caution in men ages 55-69 years, and that men ≥70 years should not undergo PSA screening. Here, we investigated the potential of serum miRNAs as an accurate diagnostic method in patients with suspected prostate cancer.

Serum miRNA-based Prediction of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the gold-standard procedure for evaluating axillary lymph node (ALN) status in patients with breast cancer. However, the morbidity of SLNB is not negligible, and the procedure is invasive for patients without ALN metastasis. Here, we developed a diagnostic model for evaluating ALN status using a combination of serum miRNAs and clinicopathologic factors as a novel less-invasive biomarker.

Circulating miRNA panels for specific and early detection in bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer is the 9th leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The major problem in bladder cancer is primarily the high recurrence rate after drug treatment and resection. Although conventional screening methods, such as cystoscopy, urinary cytology and ultrasound sonography, have become widely used in clinical settings, the diagnostic performance of these modalities is unsatisfactory due to low accuracy or high invasiveness.

Integrated extracellular microRNA profiling for ovarian cancer screening.

A major obstacle to improving prognoses in ovarian cancer is the lack of effective screening methods for early detection. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as promising biomarkers that could lead to clinical applications. Here, to develop an optimal detection method, we use microarrays to obtain comprehensive miRNA profiles from 4046 serum samples, including 428 patients with ovarian tumors.

Novel combination of serum microRNA for detecting breast cancer in the early stage.

MicroRNA (miRNA), which are stably present in serum, have been reported to be potentially useful for detecting cancer. In the present study, we examined the expression profiles of serum miRNA in several large cohorts to identify novel miRNA that can be used to detect early stage breast cancer. We comprehensively evaluated the serum miRNA expression profiles using highly sensitive microarray analysis.

MicroRNA markers for the diagnosis of pancreatic and biliary-tract cancers.

It is difficult to detect pancreatic cancer or biliary-tract cancer at an early stage using current diagnostic technology. Utilizing microRNA (miRNA) markers that are stably present in peripheral blood, we aimed to identify pancreatic and biliary-tract cancers in patients. With "3D-Gene", a highly sensitive microarray, we examined comprehensive miRNA expression profiles in 571 serum samples obtained from healthy patients, patients with pancreatic, biliary-tract, or other digestive cancers, and patients with non-malignant abnormalities in the pancreas or biliary tract.