Destabilization of ultrafine bubbles in water using indirect ultrasonic irradiation.

Ultrafine bubble (UFB) is a bubble with a diameter of less than 1 μm. Little attention has been paid to the defoaming and removal of UFBs. This study proposes a method to destabilize UFBs by using indirect ultrasonic irradiation.

Co-doped Y2O3:Tb3+/Tm3+ multicolor emitting phosphors for thermometry.

In this study, the new temperature-dependent phosphor, Y2O3:Tb3+/Tm3+, was investigated for high-temperature thermometry. The photoluminescence intensity at 456 nm emitted from Tm3+ was strong at temperatures higher than 1100 K, whereas the peak intensities emitted from Tb3+ decreased due to the thermal quenching effect. Thus, the intensity ratio between those emissions showed an appropriate variation for thermometry over a wide temperature range.