Sirtuins: exploring next-gen therapeutics in the pathogenesis osteoporosis and associated diseases.

Objective: Osteoporosis poses a substantial public health challenge due to an ageing population and the lack of adequate treatment options. The condition is marked by a reduction in bone mineral density, resulting in an elevated risk of fractures. The reduction in bone density and strength, as well as musculoskeletal issues that come with aging, present a significant challenge for individuals impacted by these conditions, as well as the healthcare system worldwide.

Role of p53 suppression in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

In the world, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the top 10 most prevalent malignancies. HCC formation has indeed been linked to numerous etiological factors, including alcohol usage, hepatitis viruses and liver cirrhosis. Among the most prevalent defects in a wide range of tumours, notably HCC, is the silencing of the p53 tumour suppressor gene.

Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status and future perspectives.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the world's deadliest and fastest-growing tumors, with a poor prognosis. HCC develops in the context of chronic liver disease. Curative resection, surgery (liver transplantation), trans-arterial chemoembolization, radioembolization, radiofrequency ablation and chemotherapy are common treatment options for HCC, however, they will only assist a limited percentage of patients.

Therapeutic implications of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in Alzheimer's disease: a novel therapeutic target.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an extremely popular neurodegenerative condition associated with dementia, responsible for around 70% of the cases. There are presently 50 million people living with dementia in the world, but this number is anticipated to increase to 152 million by 2050, posing a substantial socioeconomic encumbrance. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms that cause AD remain unidentified, and currently, no therapy is available.

Sarsasapogenin and fluticasone combination improves DNFB induced atopic dermatitis lesions in BALB/c mice.

Objective: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pruritic, chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease. The research aims to study the effects of Sarsasapogenin and its combination with Fluticasone in 2, 4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced atopic dermatitis in BALB/c mice.

Material And Methods: Thirty male Balb/c mice were divided into 5 groups: (i) Normal control (NC), (ii) Disease control (DNFB), (iii) Sarsasapogenin (SG) (50 µg/mice), (iv) Fluticasone (FC) (50 µg/mice), (v) Sarsasapogenin + Fluticasone (SG + FC) combination (25 µg/mice).

An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Dietary Products and Herbal Remedies.

The most common principal malignant tumor that accounts for ∼80% of cases of liver cancer across the world is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is a multifacetedillness that is caused by several risk factors and often progresses in the context of underlying cirrhosis. It is tremendously difficult and essential for the screening of novel therapeutic medications to establish HCC preclinical models that are equivalent to clinical diseases settings, i.

Protective effect of sarsasapogenin in TNBS induced ulcerative colitis in rats associated with downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel condition considered by oxido-nitrosative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that affects the mucosal lining of the colon. Sarsasapogenin (SG), as an active component, has been found in many plants, and it exhibits potential protective effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-psoriasis, anti-arthritis, anti-asthma, anti-depressant and anti-cancer. However, the effects of SG on UC remain unknown.

Atopic dermatitis: new insight into the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and novel treatment strategies.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the long-lasting chronic inflammatory skin condition associated with cutaneous hyper-reactivity and triggered by environmental factors. The attributes of AD include dry skin, pruritus, lichenification and frequent eczematous abrasions. This has a strong heritable aspect and typically occurs with asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Hecogenin and fluticasone combination attenuates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.

Objective: Ulcerative colitis is common types of severe, progressive, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease that involves the mucosal lining of the large intestine. The purpose of the study is to explore the effects of hecogenin in TNBS (2, 4, 6- trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid) induced ulcerative colitis model in rats.

Material And Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: (i) Normal Control (NC), (ii) Disease Control (DC), (iii) Hecogenin (HG) (50 µg/rat), (iv) Fluticasone (FC) (50 µg/rat), (v) Hecogenin + Fluticasone (HG + FC) combination (25 µg/rat).

Herbal and Natural Dietary Products: Upcoming Therapeutic Approach for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The most common tumor linked with elevated death rates is considered the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sometimes called the malignant hepatoma. The initiation and progression of HCC are triggered by multiple factors like long term alcohol consumption, metabolic disorders, fatty liver disease, hepatitis B and C infection, age, and oxidative stress. Sorafenib is the merely US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug used to treat HCC.

New perspectives in bronchial asthma: pathological, immunological alterations, biological targets, and pharmacotherapy.

Asthma is the most common, long-lasting inflammatory airway disease that affects more than 10% of the world population. It is characterized by bronchial narrowing, airway hyperresponsiveness, vasodilatation, airway edema, and stimulation of sensory nerve endings that lead to recurring events of breathlessness, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing. It is the main reason for global morbidity and occurs as a result of the weakening of the immune system in response to exposure to allergens or environmental exposure.

New insights into the novel anti-inflammatory mode of action of glucocorticoids.

Inflammation is a physiological intrinsic host response to injury meant for removal of noxious stimuli and maintenance of homeostasis. It is a defensive body mechanism that involves immune cells, blood vessels and molecular mediators of inflammation. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroidal hormones responsible for regulation of homeostatic and metabolic functions of body.

Combination of Sarsasapogenin and Fluticasone attenuates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model.

Asthma is a very common airway inflammatory disease for which the existing drug therapy options are insufficient. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory potential of Sarsapogenin (SG) and its combination with Fluticasone (FC) in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma in mice. In a standard experimental model, asthma in mice was sensitized and challenged by OVA.

Anti-inflammatory potential of hecogenin on atopic dermatitis and airway hyper-responsiveness by regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Hecogenin is a sapogenin found in Agave sisalana species that is used extensively for the treatment of anti-inflammatory, antifungal, hypotensive, anti-nociceptive activity and cancer. We have studied the anti-inflammatory effect of Hecogenin and its combination with Fluticasone on atopic dermatitis and airway hyper-responsiveness in Balb/c mice. Dermatitis was induced by repeated application of 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene in Balb/c mice.

A coupled bimodal SPECT-CT imaging and brain kinetics studies of zolmitriptan-encapsulated nanostructured polymeric carriers.

The present investigation deals with preparation and characterization of anti-migraine zolmitriptan (ZMT) nanostructured polymeric carriers for nose to brain drug targeting. The drug-loaded colloidal nanocarriers of ZMT were prepared by modified ionic gelation of cationic chitosan with anionic sodium tripolyphosphate and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Further, in order to investigate nose to brain drug targeting, biodistribution, and brain kinetics studies were performed using technetium radiolabeled nanocarriers (Tc-ZMTNP) in Swiss albino mice.

Optimization and characterization of sertaconazole nitrate flexisomes embedded in hydrogel for improved antifungal activity.

The aim of the present research work was to develop, characterize and optimize sertaconazole nitrate (STZN) embedded flexisomes (STZN-FS) to improve the cutaneous anti-fungal activity of STZN. Flexisomes are self-aggregating, flexible, deformable lipidic vesicles possessing an aqueous core. A 3 factorial design was implemented to optimize the effects of the critical material attributes of concentration of phospholipid (X) and edge activator (X) on the critical quality attributes of particle size (Y), entrapment efficiency (Y), and deformability index (Y).

An emphasis on molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects and glucocorticoid resistance.

Glucocorticoids (GC) are universally accepted agents for the treatment of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive disorders. They are used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and various inflammatory diseases such as allergy, asthma and sepsis. They bind with GC receptor (GR) and form GC-GR complex with the receptor and exert their actions.

Models of hepatotoxicity and the underlying cellular, biochemical and immunological mechanism(s): a critical discussion.

Liver is a primary organ involved in biotransformation of food and drugs. Hepatic diseases are a major worldwide problem. Hepatic disorders are mainly caused by toxic chemicals (alcohol), xenobiotics (carbon tetrachloride, chlorinated hydrocarbons and gases CO₂ and O₂) anticancer (azathioprine, doxorubicin, cisplatin), immunosuppressant (cyclosporine), analgesic anti-inflammatory (paracetamol, thioacetamide), anti-tubercular (isoniazid, rifampicin) drugs, biologicals (Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin vaccine), radiations (gamma radiations), heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic), mycotoxin (aflatoxin), galactosamine, lipopolysaccharides, etc.

Halobetasol propionate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for skin targeting by topical delivery.

The clinical use of halobetasol propionate (HP) is related to some adverse effects like irritation, pruritus and stinging. The purpose of this work was to construct HP-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (HP-SLN) formulation with skin targeting to minimizing the adverse side effects and providing a controlled release. HP-SLN were prepared by solvent injection method and formula was optimized by the application of 3(2) factorial design.

Hepatoprotective activity of Calotropis gigantea flowers against carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice.

Ethanol extract of Calotropis gigantea flowers (CGFE) was evaluated for its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity to validate its use in traditional therapeutic indications. This CGFE exhibited significant antioxidant activity (at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µg/ml in vitro) as evidenced by its hydroxyl, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide anion radical scavenging activities. This in vitro antioxidant activity was reinforced by a significant hepatoprotection (at 250 and 500 mg/kg dose) by decreasing the activity of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase.