Localization of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks using bat optimization algorithm with enhanced exploration and exploitation characteristics.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) contain sensor nodes in enormous amount to accumulate the information about the nearby surroundings, and this information is insignificant until the exact position from where data have been collected is revealed. Localization of sensor nodes in WSNs plays a significant role in several applications such as detecting the enemy movement in military applications. The major aim of localization problem is to find the coordinates of all target nodes with the help of anchor nodes.