An optimized framework for prediagnosis of diabetic retinopathy using HHO-CBL model.

Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a widespread intense stage of diabetes mellitus that causes vision-effecting anomalies in the retina. It is a medical health condition on the strength of fluctuating glucose level in the blood that can result in vision loss in case of severity.

Objective: As a result, early detection and treatment with DR is the most significant task which will tremendously reduce the likelihood of vision impairment and is still a difficult challenge.