Truncated Albumins as Novel Surrogate Biomarkers in Diabetes Therapy: Epiphenomena and Potential Clinical Applications.

Among various albumin posttranslational modifications (PTMs), N- and C-terminal truncations (HSA-DA and HSA-L) have also shown biomarker potential in disease states. We examined albumin truncation longitudinal trends and correlations during diabetes therapy toward possible future clinical applications. In a preliminary longitudinal therapy investigation, mass spectrometry was employed to track PTMs of human serum albumin (HSA), including glycation (GA), cysteinylation (CA or HNA1; reversible), di/trioxidation (OA or HNA2; irreversible), and truncation (TA).

Parathyroid Carcinoma Complicated by Parathyromatosis and Refractory Hypercalcemia.

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignancy. In January 2022, a 41-year-old woman presented with weight loss, proximal muscle weakness, and bone pain. She was diagnosed with severe hypercalcemia with serum calcium of 15.

Primary and "Pre-Primary" Aldosteronism in Resistant Hypertension: A Practical, Pragmatic, and Prudent Approach in Resource-Limited Milieu.

Introduction Primary aldosteronism (PA), once considered rare, is now recognized as the most common cause of secondary hypertension, accounting for almost a quarter of resistant hypertension (RH) cases. Despite this, PA remains underdiagnosed, with an extremely low percentage of RH patients undergoing screening. Methods In a specialty diabetes-endocrinology clinic, the aldosterone:renin ratio (ARR) was assessed in 115 consecutive RH patients (ages 21-93 years; 47% male; 87% with type 2 diabetes).

Accelerated microbial identification "directly" from positive blood cultures using MALDI-TOF MS: Local clinical laboratory challenges.

Rapid identification of microbial pathogens "directly" from positive blood cultures (PBCs) is critical for prompt initiation of empirical antibiotic therapy and clinical outcomes. Towards higher microbial identification rates, we modified a published initial serum separator tubes-based MALDI-TOF-MS protocol, for blood culture specimens received at a non-hospital based standalone diagnostic laboratory, Bangalore, India: (a) "Initial" protocol #1: From 28 PBCs, identification= 39% (Gram-negative= 43%: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Gram-positive: 36%: Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus); mis-identification= 14%; non-identification= 47%. (b) "Modified" protocol #2: Quality controls (ATCC colonies spiked in negative blood cultures) From 7 analysis, identification= 100% (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus); From 7 PBCs, identification= 57%; mis-identification= 14%; non-identification= 29%.

Albumin Oxidation and Albumin Glycation Discordance During Type 2 Diabetes Therapy: Biological and Clinical Implications.

Cys34 albumin redox modifications (reversible "cysteinylation" and irreversible "di/trioxidation"), besides being just oxidative stress biomarkers, may have primary pathogenetic roles to initiate and/or aggravate cell, tissue, and vascular damage in diabetes. In an exploratory "proof-of-concept" pilot study, we examined longitudinal changes in albumin oxidation during diabetes therapy. Mass spectrometric analysis was utilized to monitor changes in human serum albumin (HSA) post-translational modifications {glycation [glycated albumin (GA)], cysteinylation [cysteinylated albumin (CA) or human non-mercaptalbumin-1; reversible], di/trioxidation (di/trioxidized albumin or human non-mercaptalbumin-2; irreversible), and truncation (truncated albumin)} during ongoing therapy.

Differential Spectrum of Albumin Glycation, Oxidation, and Truncation in Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetes: Clinical and Biological Implications.

Albumin, the most abundant and physiologically vital serum protein, accumulates a range of chemical modifications, as consequence of encounters with large number of reactive molecules whose concentrations increase in serum under pathological conditions. In a "proof of concept" study, mass spectrometric analysis was utilized to quantitate albumin post-translational modifications (glycation, oxidation, and truncation; individual isoforms and total) in four informative subject groups [type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), prediabetes-obesity and healthy; all with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/(min·m)]. Besides glycated albumin (GA/mass spectrometry), glycated serum protein (GSP/nitro blue tetrazolium colorimetry), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c/high-performance liquid chromatography) were also measured.

More anxious than depressed: prevalence and correlates in a 15-nation study of anxiety disorders in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Anxiety disorder, one of the highly disabling, prevalent and common mental disorders, is known to be more prevalent in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than the general population, and the comorbid presence of anxiety disorders is known to have an impact on the diabetes outcome and the quality of life. However, the information on the type of anxiety disorder and its prevalence in persons with T2DM is limited.

Aims: To assess the prevalence and correlates of anxiety disorder in people with type 2 diabetes in different countries.

Safety and efficacy of initial combination of linagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A subgroup analysis of Indian patients from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Context And Objectives: The number of people with diabetes is increasing exponentially in India. Owing to a unique "Asian Indian Phenotype," Indians develop diabetes a decade earlier and have an earlier onset of complications than Western populations. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate more effective treatment strategies at an earlier stage of disease progression, such as initial combination therapy, in Indian patients.