Publications by authors named "Satheesh Nair"

Objective: We evaluated the clinical safety and performance of the ultrathin strut biodegradable polymer-coated Supraflex Cruz (Sahajanand Medical TechnologiesLtd., Surat, India) sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) in an all-comer patient population requiring coronary stent implantation.

Study Design: The study was a prospective, observational, multicentre, single-arm registry.

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Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate binding protein that has been implicated in the development and progression of fibrotic diseases. Proof-of-principal animal models have demonstrated that inhibition of Gal-3 is a potentially viable pathway for the treatment of fibrosis─with small molecule Gal-3 inhibitors advanced into clinical trials. We hereby report the discovery of novel galactose-based monosaccharide Gal-3 inhibitors comprising 2-methyl-4-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (compound ) and 4-phenyl-4-1,2,4-triazole (compound ).

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to the clinical management of typhoid fever. AMR in Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is commonly associated with the H58 lineage, a lineage that arose comparatively recently before becoming globally disseminated.

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  • * In a retrospective analysis of 47,784 UK isolates from 2016 to 2021, researchers found 226 positive isolates across 25 serovars, revealing that phage-plasmid elements are more prevalent than initially realized, with a strong serovar preference, particularly in Typhimurium ST34 and ST19.
  • * The study shows considerable diversity in the
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As a result of our continued efforts to pursue Gal-3 inhibitors that could be used to fully evaluate the potential of Gal-3 as a therapeutic target, two novel series of benzothiazole derived monosaccharides as potent (against both human and mouse Gal-3) and orally bioavailable Gal-3 inhibitors, represented by 4 and 5, respectively, were identified. These discoveries were made based on proposals that the benzothiazole sulfur atom could interact with the carbonyl oxygen of G182/G196 in h/mGal-3, and that the anomeric triazole moiety could be modified into an N-methyl carboxamide functionality. The interaction between the benzothiazole sulfur and the carbonyl oxygen of G196 in mGal-3 was confirmed by an X-ray co-crystal structure of early lead 9, providing a rare example of using a S···O binding interaction for drug design.

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Purpose: Our study hypothesis was that once daily dosing of extended-release tacrolimus (XRT) would be a safe and effective immunosuppression (IS) with the potential to decrease adverse events (AEs) associated with immediate release tacrolimus (IRT) after liver transplantation (LT).

Methods: All patients receiving LT at our center received rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (RATG) induction therapy. Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to receive either XRT or IRT.

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  • Environmental surveillance (ES) for Salmonella Typhi is a cost-effective way to identify communities at risk for typhoid fever by utilizing standardized protocols for sample collection and analysis.
  • A study conducted in Vellore, India and Blantyre, Malawi showed significantly higher S. Typhi presence in Vellore samples, despite low reported clinical cases of typhoid during the study period.
  • The findings suggest that ES can effectively indicate the prevalence of S. Typhi even without clinical cases, which may help guide future public health actions, such as vaccine distribution.
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Background: The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000).

Methods: This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch.

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Objectives: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 are zoonotic pathogens and transmission to humans occurs via contaminated food or contact with infected animals. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency, and distribution across the phylogeny, of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants in STEC O157:H7 isolated from human cases in England.

Methods: Short-read whole-genome sequencing data from 1473 isolates of STEC O157:H7 from all seven sub-lineages (Ia-Ic, IIa-IIc and I/II) were mapped to genes known to confer phenotypic resistance to 10 different classes of antibiotic.

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Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Concord (S. Concord) is known to cause severe gastrointestinal and bloodstream infections in patients from Ethiopia and Ethiopian adoptees, and occasional records exist of S. Concord linked to other countries.

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Background: Enteric fever is an acute systemic infectious disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), with a global burden of 14.3 million cases. Cases of enteric fever or paratyphoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S.

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  • Antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) genes can be exchanged between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), involving various genetic elements like plasmids and bacteriophages, but the role of bacteriophages in AMR is not yet fully understood.
  • Researchers identified a new ~98 kbp circular P1-bacteriophage-like plasmid called ph681355 from a clinical Salmonella Typhi isolate, which includes specific plasmid replicons and mobile elements, marking the first report of such a phage-plasmid in this bacteria.
  • The study indicates that long-read sequencing can reveal the complex structure of AMR genes in bacteria, suggesting that bacteriophage-mediated genetic transfer may be more common and contribute
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  • The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of healthcare professionals (HCPs), particularly those who engage directly with patients, highlighting a concerning trend in mental health issues like burnout, depression, and anxiety over time.
  • A study examining HCPs and non-HCPs through online surveys revealed that while both groups faced mental health challenges, patient-facing HCPs exhibited significantly higher rates of burnout and emotional exhaustion, especially at later phases of the study.
  • Overall, the findings emphasize the urgent need for support and interventions targeting the mental health of HCPs, as they are disproportionately affected compared to non-HCPs.
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  • * Researchers have discovered a new series of potent, monosaccharide-based inhibitors that are effective against both human and mouse Gal-3 and can be taken orally.
  • * These new inhibitors are selective for Gal-3, distinguishing it from other types of galectins, and their binding mechanism was confirmed through an X-ray cocrystal structure.
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Unlabelled: Long-term liver outcome in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-negative kidney recipients who acquired HCV infection from viremic donors is of intense interest in the transplant community. We evaluated the incidence of fibrosis in liver biopsy specimens of recipients who were transplanted with HCV-infected grafts.

Methods: Patients were evaluated in the hepatology clinic, and 29 patients agreed to undergo liver biopsy.

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  • The study aimed to analyze three Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains from pediatric patients in Greece through whole genome sequencing (WGS) and traditional lab methods between 2016 and 2018.
  • The identified strains demonstrated significant antibiotic resistance, revealing resistance genes and specific patterns via WGS, including the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in multiple strains.
  • The findings highlight the growing concern over antimicrobial resistance in S. Typhimurium, emphasizing the effectiveness of WGS for tracking bacterial characteristics and understanding infection patterns in clinical settings.*
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Increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have been documented in causing travellers' diarrhoea, particularly to the third-generation cephalosporins. Diarrhoeagenic (DEC) can act as a reservoir for the exchange of AMR genes between bacteria residing in the human gut, enabling them to survive and flourish through the selective pressures of antibiotic treatments. Using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT), we sequenced eight isolates of DEC from four patients' specimens who had all recently returned to the United Kingdome from Pakistan.

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  • The study investigates the effect of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) on mortality rates in patients who have undergone liver transplantation (LT).
  • After reviewing data from 400 patients, 266 were included, with a focus on identifying LVDD through echocardiograms.
  • Results showed that while LVDD is associated with higher rates of conditions like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, it ultimately does not affect 5-year all-cause mortality in these patients.
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serovar Infantis is the fifth most common serovar isolated in England and Wales. Epidemiological, genotyping and antimicrobial-resistance data for . Infantis isolates were used to analyse English and Welsh demographics over a 5 year period.

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The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to first- and second-line treatment regimens of enteric fever is a global public-health problem, and routine genomic surveillance to inform clinical and public-health management guidance is essential. Here, we present the prospective analysis of genomic data to monitor trends in incidence, AMR and travel, and assess hierarchical clustering (HierCC) methodology of 1742 isolates of typhoidal salmonellae. Trend analysis of Typhi and .

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  • The study focuses on developing a method for detecting Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) in environmental samples to improve monitoring of typhoid outbreaks.
  • Researchers tested various culture media and found a successful pathway for isolating viable S. Typhi from river water samples in Malawi, using a combination of broths and agar followed by PCR confirmation.
  • This research marks the first successful isolation of S. Typhi from the environment in decades, highlighting the importance of integrating environmental testing with clinical data for better disease surveillance and public health interventions.
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Infection with hepatitis A virus is usually a self-limited illness that rarely results in fulminant liver failure. Severe hemolysis is an uncommon complication but has been reported in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Here, we report a case with undiagnosed G6PD deficiency who presented with hyperbilirubinemia, severe hemolysis, and acute renal failure precipitated by acute hepatitis A infection.

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