Pediatric pneumonia - A clinico-pathological study.

Context: Numerous pathogens (bacteria, viruses, or fungi) can cause childhood pneumonia. The clinical presentations of viral and bacterial pneumonia can be similar. Though viruses are a more common cause as compared to bacteria, antibiotics remain the first line of treatment for pneumonia.

Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as a chest wall mass - An unusual case diagnosed on cytology with review of literature.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with an aggressive behavior and a strong tendency for extrahepatic metastasis. Although 5%-15% patients have metastases at diagnosis, presentation with symptoms exclusively related to extrahepatic metastases is rare. An 82-year-old male presented with an isolated left anterolateral chest wall swelling.

The Ring-and-Sling complex - Does it "Ring" true?

Background: The "Ring-and-Sling" complex (RSC) comprises congenital tracheal stenosis and an abnormal origin/course of the left pulmonary artery. Based on clinical and imaging studies, the luminal narrowing is assumed to be as a result of rings cartilage (forming an "O").

Aims: This is a postmortem based study of tracheal histology in infants after an autopsy encounter of a case of RSC.

Preoperative prediction of parathyroid carcinoma in an Asian Indian cohort.

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) requires preoperative prediction for appropriate surgical management. Differentiation from symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (sPHPT) cohort is difficult.

Methods: Patients with sPHPT from a tertiary-care center, Western India, including Cohort-A (n = 19 [10/M; 9/F]) with PC and Cohort-B (n = 93 [33/M; 60/F] with benign parathyroid lesions) were compared to derive predictors for differential diagnosis.

Correct Antemortem Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Children With Fatal Illnesses.

This retrospective study analyzed the level of concordance between clinical and autopsy diagnosis of pneumonia over a 3-year period. Utilizing the Goldman classification, the concordance rate was found to be 37.5%.

This 'Rose' Has no Thorns-Diagnostic Utility of 'Rapid On-Site Evaluation' (ROSE) in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a basic diagnostic technique used to investigate superficial and deep swellings. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) using toluidine blue (TB) is easily available, cheap, cost-effective, can be used both for testing adequacy and giving provisional diagnosis. To evaluate the role of ROSE using toluidine blue staining in arriving at a diagnosis in comparison to routine stains.

Scar site metastasis of renal cell carcinoma diagnosed on-site cytology: a case report.

Background: Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) have a propensity for widespread metastases and a wide range of survival rates. They can spread into adjacent organs by direct extension and can invade local or distant sites by lymphatic, hematogenous or lympho-hematogeneous pathways. Scar site metastasis is very rare.

Endoscopic ultrasound guided brush/fine-needle aspiration cytology: A 15-month study.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has become increasingly popular for the diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal diseases and peri-gastrointestinal lesions. The application of FNA/Brush has dramatically expanded the clinical utility of EUS.

Aims And Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, study the spectrum of lesions encountered in EUS-FNAC/brush cytology of gastrointestinal and peri-gastrointestinal lesions.

Placental Findings in Singleton Stillbirths: A Case-control Study.

Aims: This prospective observational study compared placental lesions of stillbirth cases and live birth controls, and aimed to determine the cause of stillbirth.

Methods: The study enrolled 85 stillbirths and 85 live births at the time of delivery.

Results: There was significantly increased incidence of placental abruption (p = 0.

Percentage arterial enhancement: An objective index for accurate identification of parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Background: Radiation exposure to neck by four-dimensional computerized tomography (4DCT) is relatively high and limits its use as a first-line investigation in evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Radiation exposure can be reduced by restricting the number of CT phases. Our aim was to study the performance of 4DCT in cohort of surgery-naïve PHPT patients, and to evaluate percentage enhancement as an objective radiological index to discriminate parathyroid lesions (adenoma/hyperplasia) from thyroid tissue and lymph nodes.

Fatal Toxic Megacolon in a Child of Hirschsprung Disease.

Hirschsprung disease (HD) in late childhood is uncommon and often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. However, in a patient with Hirschsprung disease, of greater significance is the occurrence of life threatening enterocolitis. In its more severe form, this is associated with gross dilatation of the colon and profound toxaemia, the combination being termed toxic megacolon.

Alobar Holoprosencephaly Associated with Meningomyelocoele and Omphalocoele: An Unusual Coexistence.

Holoprosencephaly is a rare congenital disorder which results from failure of cleavage or incomplete differentiation of the forebrain structures at various levels or to various degrees. Depending on the degree of involvement, it is classified into 4 types: Alobar, Semilobar, Lobar and Middle interhemispheric fusion variant. A male child was born to 28-year-old female at 34 weeks of gestation.

Germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in Asian Indian patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

Background: Genetic aetiology of pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) is increasingly being studied; however, Asian Indian data on this aspect are scarce.

Objective: To study the prevalence of germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in Asian Indian PCC/PGL patients.

Design: In this study, 150 index patients (M:F, 73:77) with PCC/PGL were evaluated.

Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumour of the Ovary with Unilocular Pure Cystic Presentation: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background: Granulosa cell tumours of the ovary are rare, hormonally active, oestrogen-secreting tumours of the ovary existing in two forms: the adult form and the even rarer juvenile form. These tumours present as predominantly solid lesions while the cystic, unilocular presentation is uncommon.

Case Report: We present an 18-year-old unmarried girl who presented with complaints of chronic pain, abdominal distension and presence of facial hair.

Isolated primary orbital hydatid disease presenting as multiple cystic lesions: a rare cause of proptosis.

Echinococcal infection is a consequence of accidental ingestion of tapeworm eggs by humans. Liver scrutinises the initial haematogenous spread of portal blood and thus it is the most common organ involved. Isolated, primary involvement of other organs is a rarity.