Neuropsychiatric manifestations and sleep disturbances with dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy versus standard of care in children and adolescents: a secondary analysis of the ODYSSEY trial.

Background: Cohort studies in adults with HIV showed that dolutegravir was associated with neuropsychiatric adverse events and sleep problems, yet data are scarce in children and adolescents. We aimed to evaluate neuropsychiatric manifestations in children and adolescents treated with dolutegravir-based treatment versus alternative antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of ODYSSEY, an open-label, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial, in which adolescents and children initiating first-line or second-line antiretroviral therapy were randomly assigned 1:1 to dolutegravir-based treatment or standard-of-care treatment.

Role of efavirenz plasma concentrations on long-term HIV suppression and immune restoration in HIV-infected children.

Background: To access the long term relationship between efavirenz plasma concentrations and evolution of HIV RNA loads and CD4 cell counts in children.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from HIV-infected children on first line efavirenz-containing regimen. A population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model was developed to describe the evolution of HIV RNA load and CD4 cell count (efficacy outcomes) in relation to efavirenz plasma concentration.

Brief Report: AIDS-Defining Events and Deaths in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents on Antiretrovirals: A 14-Year Study in Thailand.

Background: Data are scarce on the long-term clinical outcomes of perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low/middle-income countries. We assessed the incidence of mortality before (early) and after (late) 6 months of ART and of the composite outcome of new/recurrent AIDS-defining event or death >6 months after ART start (late AIDS/death) and their associated factors.

Methods: Study population was perinatally HIV-infected children (≤18 years) initiating ART within the Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment observational cohort (NCT00433030).

Five-year trends in antiretroviral usage and drug costs in HIV-infected children in Thailand.

Background: As antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs mature, data on drug utilization and costs are needed to assess durability of treatments and inform program planning.

Methods: Children initiating ART were followed up in an observational cohort in Thailand. Treatment histories from 1999 to 2009 were reviewed.