Simulation in Regional Anaesthesia: A Narrative Review of Its History, Evolution and Future Prospects.

Regional anaesthesia has seen a resurgence of sorts since the widespread advent of ultrasound into clinical practice. The ability to access hitherto inaccessible nerves and fascial planes in the human body whilst ensuring visualisation of the needle tip during block performance has opened the proverbial floodgates leading to its widespread adoption, further supported by a growing body of evidence for its many benefits in a patient's perioperative journey and pain management. The concomitant advancement of technology and the development of powerful simulation and artificial intelligence tools has given a much-needed impetus towards improving training and safe practice in regional anaesthesia.

Predictors of quality of life (QOL) and treatment adherence among children with nephrotic syndrome.

Introduction: Any significant changes in the growth and development of any aspect of life will ultimately affect the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with nephrotic syndrome. Various factors can influence treatment adherence, which can promote or decline the child's quality of life (QOL). Objective: To assess the quality of life and adherence to treatment regimen and to identify the predictors of QOL and adherence to treatment regimen among children with nephrotic syndrome.

Impact of Urinary Tract Infection on Progression of Renal Scars and Formation of New Scars in Patients with Primary Vesicoureteric Reflux.

Introduction: Primary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is a prevalent cause of end-stage renal failure in children. Scars on radionuclide imaging indicate irreparable damage to the growing kidneys. This study aims to determine whether a urinary tract infection (UTI) associated with primary VUR promotes the development of new renal scars or progression in the pre-existing ones.

Effect of preconception multiple micronutrients vs. iron-folic acid supplementation on maternal and birth outcomes among women from developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Maternal malnutrition affects the somatic growth of the fetus and subsequent adverse events during infancy and childhood period. Though trials have been conducted on multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplements initiated during the preconception period, there is no collated evidence on this.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review of published trials with the application of Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).

Decoding the Genetics of Recurrent Molar Pregnancy.

Hydatidiform mole is a condition characterised by abnormal trophoblastic hyperplasia and failure of embryonic tissue development. The risk of recurrence is seen to be associated with biallelic maternal mutations in , and genes. Women with such mutations have a major risk of reproductive failure and normal pregnancy is seen in only 1.

Occurrence and Severity of Deformational Plagiocephaly in Infants: A Single Center Experience.

Objective: To estimate the occurrence and severity of deformational plagiocephaly among infants.

Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was done in the pediatric ward of a tertiary care hospital between April 1, 2022 to October 31, 2022. Cranial Vault Asymmetry Index (CVAI) and Argenta Clinical Classification were applied to consecutive infants aged 1 month to 1 year till the calculated sample size was achieved.

Endothelial Dysfunction in Children With Nephrotic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) have a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity. Studies on the evaluation of arterial stiffness and endothelial function and its predictive risk factors in these children are limited. Objective The primary objective of the study was to determine arterial stiffness by measuring carotid intimal medial thickness, flow-mediated dilatation, and physiological parameters in children with nephrotic syndrome to predict the risk of premature atherosclerosis as compared to controls.

Human Bocavirus infection in childhood acute respiratory infection: Is it an innocent bystander?

Purpose: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the major attributing factors of under-five mortality and morbidity all over the world. Viruses are the most common cause of ARI. Due to the availability of molecular techniques, new viruses are getting isolated from children with ARI.

Macrolides versus other antibiotics in pediatric scrub typhus: A meta-analysis.

Background: While Doxycycline is the recommended drug for treating scrub typhus, there is a growing trend of using Macrolides and Other antibiotics due to their perceived advantages. In this study, we compared the efficacy of Macrolides versus Other antibiotics in the treatment of pediatric scrub typhus.

Methods: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) application.

Clinical, laboratory profile and outcomes in children with snakebite from Eastern India.

Background: Snakebite remains a significant public health problem worldwide, particularly in rural areas with unexpected morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the clinical, laboratory profile and outcomes in children with snake bites from Eastern India.

Methods: This was a retrospective case record-based study between January 2017 and December 2021.

Sexual performances after mild and moderate head injury in Indian adult males: An institutional experience.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide than any other injuries. Disorders in sexual functions constitute one of the most prevalent and least discussed problems following head injury, which need to be studied in detail.

Objective: To find out the intensity of sexual dysfunction following head injury in Indian adult males.

Topical-Ozonized Olive Oil - A Boon for Post-Extraction Cases: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Post-surgical therapy in exodontia patients has historically been largely centered on pain and infection prevention. Healing of the extraction wound has rarely received any importance during regular dental extractions, despite being an inherent element of the process of tooth extraction itself. This study aimed to analyze the analgesic and antibacterial efficacy of topical-ozonized olive oil compared to regular drugs administered post-operatively to patients who have undergone tooth extraction as well as evaluate the healing effects of the former on the extraction site.

Low-grade oncocytic tumour of the kidney is characterised by genetic alterations of TSC1, TSC2, MTOR or PIK3CA and consistent GATA3 positivity.

Low-grade oncocytic tumour (LOT) of the kidney has recently emerged as a potential novel tumour type. Despite similarity to oncocytoma or eosinophilic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, it shows diffuse keratin 7 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and negative KIT (CD117), which differs from both. We aimed to identify the molecular characteristics of these tumours.

Effect of body mass index (BMI) on pulmonary functions in children of 6-14 years of age: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Over-weight/obesity is a new global pandemic affecting children with prevalence up to 36%. It is responsible for metabolic syndrome and its future complications in children; however, its effect on lung functions in children is not well studied.

Aim: To compare lung function tests [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), FVC, and % predicted] of children with over-weight/obesity to that of normal children.

Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis: One Disease, Variable Outcomes-A Case Series.

Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is a rare form of widespread inflammation of the spinal cord causing T2 hyperintensity in spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) extending across three or more vertebral segments. It is an acute onset of sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction of variable etiology with a likely poor outcome. We present a case series of three cases wherein children between the ages of 4 and 13 years had diverse symptoms from gradual painless loss of vision in both eyes with headache, vomiting and seizure, and a normal central nervous system examination except involvement of the optic nerve to another child with abdominal pain, urinary retention and constipation for 3 days with exaggerated DTR, and patchy sensory loss without any definite sensory level, and to the third child with fever and weakness of lower limbs, hypotonia and grade 1-2/5 power in lower limbs and normal upper limb power.