Pathogen-Directed Antimicrobial Stewardship Audit Rounds: Evaluation of an Objectively Planned, Clinical Microbiology-Driven Antimicrobial Stewardship Approach to Influence Antimicrobial Prescriptions of Prescribers.

Introduction: Correct and prompt antimicrobial prescription modifications by the treating team based on the culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) reports are crucial. Pathogen-directed antimicrobial stewardship (PD-AMS) audit rounds are a clinical microbiology-driven approach to combine prompt appropriate patient management goals with goals of preventing irrational and improper use of antimicrobials.

Methods: The study was a prospective before-after interventional study to evaluate the effectiveness of PD-AMS audit rounds in modifying antimicrobial usage by prescribers on an individual patient basis.

Accuracy of various matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based rapid identification methods-As a tool to augment diagnostic stewardship in blood culture laboratory, South India.

Background: Blood stream infection is a medical emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality. Prompt identification of bloodstream infection-causing microorganisms directly from positive blood culture will significantly enhance patient care by reducing the turnaround time of pathogen recognition.

Methods: A total of 256 freshly flagged positive blood culture bottles were subjected to Gram staining.

iModulonMiner and PyModulon: Software for unsupervised mining of gene expression compendia.

Public gene expression databases are a rapidly expanding resource of organism responses to diverse perturbations, presenting both an opportunity and a challenge for bioinformatics workflows to extract actionable knowledge of transcription regulatory network function. Here, we introduce a five-step computational pipeline, called iModulonMiner, to compile, process, curate, analyze, and characterize the totality of RNA-seq data for a given organism or cell type. This workflow is centered around the data-driven computation of co-regulated gene sets using Independent Component Analysis, called iModulons, which have been shown to have broad applications.

Machine learning reveals the transcriptional regulatory network and circadian dynamics of PCC 7942.

is an important cyanobacterium that serves as a versatile and robust model for studying circadian biology and photosynthetic metabolism. Its transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) is of fundamental interest, as it orchestrates the cell's adaptation to the environment, including its response to sunlight. Despite the previous characterization of constituent parts of the TRN, a comprehensive layout of its topology remains to be established.

Diagnosis and mitigation of the systemic impact of genome reduction in DGF-298.

Unlabelled: Microorganisms with simplified genomes represent interesting cell chassis for systems and synthetic biology. However, genome reduction can lead to undesired traits, such as decreased growth rate and metabolic imbalances. To investigate the impact of genome reduction on strain DGF-298, a strain in which ~ 36% of the genome has been removed, we reconstructed a strain-specific metabolic model (AC1061), investigated the regulation of gene expression using iModulon-based transcriptome analysis, and performed adaptive laboratory evolution to let the strain correct potential imbalances that arose during its simplification.

Clinical profile and risk factors associated with Elizabethkingia anophelis infection in neonates born in a tertiary care hospital-a case-control study and outbreak investigation.

The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with Elizabethkingia anophelis infection in neonates admitted to a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A case-control study was undertaken as part of the outbreak investigation for E. anophelis sepsis in a tertiary care NICU in South India.

Implementation of surgical site infection care bundle in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgeries.

Purpose: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the frequent healthcare associated infections linked with significant morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and death. SSI can be reduced by implementation of customized care bundle components as per standard guidelines. Hence this study was undertaken with the objective to implement care bundle in patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgeries and assess their impact on SSI rate.

Impact of care bundle audit on compliance to device care bundles and device associated infections in the Critical Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital, Southern India - A before-after interventional study.

Background: A care bundle comprises a set of evidence-based practices in patient care that are grouped together with the assumption that these practices when performed together will result in better clinical outcomes than when these practices are performed separately. Care bundles for devices when implemented effectively can bring about a reduction in device associated infection rates.

Methods: The study was conducted in three phases, 1 month pre-interventional and interventional phases and 11 months of post-interventional phase in a critical care unit.

Proteome allocation is linked to transcriptional regulation through a modularized transcriptome.

It has proved challenging to quantitatively relate the proteome to the transcriptome on a per-gene basis. Recent advances in data analytics have enabled a biologically meaningful modularization of the bacterial transcriptome. We thus investigate whether matched datasets of transcriptomes and proteomes from bacteria under diverse conditions can be modularized in the same way to reveal novel relationships between their compositions.

Prospective, Multi-center, Single-Arm Study of the Auryon Laser System for Treatment of Below-the-Knee Arteries in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia: 30-Day Results of the Auryon BTK.

The 355 nm Auryon laser (AngioDynamics, Inc., Latham, New York) has been shown to be effective and safe in treating various morphology lesions in the femoropopliteal arteries. There are limited data on the Auryon laser in treating below-the-knee (BTK) arteries in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia.

Quality assessment of platelet concentrates prepared by platelet-rich plasma, buffy-coat, and apheresis methods in a tertiary care hospital in South India: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: In blood banking and transfusion medicine, it is of paramount importance to improve transfusion safety and provide a higher quality of product to maximize the therapeutic outcomes and minimize the risk of developing transfusion-associated complications for patients receiving a blood transfusion.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of transfusion medicine in a tertiary care hospital of South India from February 2019 to December 2020. The primary objective of the study was to assess the quality of platelet concentrates (PC) prepared by platelet-rich plasma (PRP), buffy-coat (BC), and apheresis method.

Independent component analysis reveals 49 independently modulated gene sets within the global transcriptional regulatory architecture of multidrug-resistant .

causes severe infections in humans, resists multiple antibiotics, and survives in stressful environmental conditions due to modulations of its complex transcriptional regulatory network (TRN). Unfortunately, our global understanding of the TRN in this emerging opportunistic pathogen is limited. Here, we apply independent component analysis, an unsupervised machine learning method, to a compendium of 139 RNA-seq data sets of three multidrug-resistant international clonal complex I strains (AB5075, AYE, and AB0057).

Outcome study of the Pipeline Vantage Embolization Device (second version) in unruptured (and ruptured) aneurysms (PEDVU(R) study).

Background: The Pipeline Vantage Embolization Device (PEDV) is the fourth-generation pipeline flow diverter for intracranial aneurysm treatment. There are no outcome studies for the second PEDV version. We aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy outcomes.

High-resolution temporal profiling of E. coli transcriptional response.

Understanding how cells dynamically adapt to their environment is a primary focus of biology research. Temporal information about cellular behavior is often limited by both small numbers of data time-points and the methods used to analyze this data. Here, we apply unsupervised machine learning to a data set containing the activity of 1805 native promoters in E.

Turner syndrome transition clinic in the West of Scotland: a perspective.

Introduction: Turner Syndrome (TS) is the commonest chromosomal abnormality in females. Establishing and maintaining long-term follow-up after transition to adult endocrine services, to allow for essential lifelong surveillance of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and optimal hormone replacement, remains a challenge. A TS transition clinic was established with the aim of supporting successful transfer and establishing long-term follow-up in adult endocrine services.

A multi-scale expression and regulation knowledge base for Escherichia coli.

Transcriptomic data is accumulating rapidly; thus, scalable methods for extracting knowledge from this data are critical. Here, we assembled a top-down expression and regulation knowledge base for Escherichia coli. The expression component is a 1035-sample, high-quality RNA-seq compendium consisting of data generated in our lab using a single experimental protocol.

Laboratory evolution, transcriptomics, and modeling reveal mechanisms of paraquat tolerance.

Relationships between the genome, transcriptome, and metabolome underlie all evolved phenotypes. However, it has proved difficult to elucidate these relationships because of the high number of variables measured. A recently developed data analytic method for characterizing the transcriptome can simplify interpretation by grouping genes into independently modulated sets (iModulons).

Machine learning uncovers the transcriptome in microbial communities and during infection.

pv. DC3000 is a model plant pathogen that infects tomatoes and . The current understanding of global transcriptional regulation in the pathogen is limited.

PROPHYLACTIC TREATMENT OF LATTICE DEGENERATION IN FELLOW EYES AFTER REPAIR OF UNCOMPLICATED PRIMARY RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT.

Purpose: To evaluate prophylactic treatment (PTx) of lattice degeneration (LD) on retinal tear (RT) and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) risk in fellow eyes of patients after primary RRD repair in the first eye.

Methods: This was a consecutive case series with cohort control involving patients with RRD repair from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2017. Patients received PTx (PTx cohort) or no PTx (No-PTx cohort) in fellow eye with 5-year follow-up.

Effect of Electronic Infrared Tap With Voice Reinforcement on Hand Hygiene Compliance of Healthcare Personnel.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of an electronic infrared tap with voice reinforcement to improve hand hygiene compliance among health care workers.

Method: This pre-post intervention study used an automated electronic infrared tap with voice reinforcement as intervention in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Hand hygiene adherence rates of health care workers were monitored using a video camera.

Clinical Factors and Outcomes of Acute-Onset Endophthalmitis Following Small-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy Surgery.

Background And Objectives: Describe risk factors, findings, and outcomes of acute endophthalmitis (AE) following small-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective single-center, nonrandomized study of post-PPV AE patients from 2013 to 2021. All received vitreous biopsy before treatment.

Early- vs Late-onset Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Adults: Comparison of Risk Factors, Outcome, and Microbial Profile.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most frequent hospital-acquired infections, which develops in mechanically ventilated patients after 48 hours of mechanical ventilation. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate, various risk factors, microbiological profile, and outcome of early- vs late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in medical intensive care unit (MICU).

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 273 patients admitted to the MICU in JIPMER, Puducherry, from October 2018 to September 2019.

Procalcitonin for Detecting Culture-Positive Sepsis in Neonates: A Prospective, Multicenter Study.

Introduction: It is unclear if serum procalcitonin (PCT) estimated at sepsis suspicion can help detect culture-positive sepsis in neonates. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of PCT in culture-positive sepsis in neonates.

Methods: This was a prospective study (February 2016 to September 2020) conducted in four level-3 units in India.

Elucidation of independently modulated genes in reveals carbon sources that control its expression of hemolytic toxins.

can cause a wide variety of acute infections throughout the body of its human host. An underlying transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) is responsible for altering the physiological state of the bacterium to adapt to each unique host environment. Consequently, an in-depth understanding of the comprehensive dynamics of the TRN could inform new therapeutic strategies.