Biomarkers of oxidation, inflammation and intestinal permeability in persons with diabetes mellitus with parenteral nutrition: A multicenter randomized trial.

Background And Aims: Parenteral nutrition (PN) composition could play a role in the management of systemic inflammatory response and intestinal barrier disruption. We aimed to evaluate changes in biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative status and intestinal permeability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received different PN lipid formulas.

Methods: This was a prospective study, including 94 patients with T2DM who received omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-enriched PN, a mixture of medium and long chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT) PN, or an olive oil-based PN.

Normal Hemodynamic Response to Exercise.

Exercise pulmonary hypertension has been invasively defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure/cardiac output slope greater than 3 mm Hg/L/min. Recent advances suggest the sustainable role of exercise Doppler echocardiography for the study of the right heart and pulmonary circulation unit (RH-PCU). Herein, the authors review the invasive versus non-invasive monitoring of the RH-PCU response to exercise in healthy subjects.

Exotoxins secreted by Clostridium septicum induce macrophage death: Implications for bacterial immune evasion mechanisms at infection sites.

The induction of macrophage death is considered a potential mechanism by which components secreted by Clostridium septicum are used to evade the innate immune response and cause tissue damage. This study aimed to determine the effects of partially purified fractions of extracellular proteins secreted by C. septicum on the death of mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Operation model of a skew-symmetric split-crystal neutron interferometer.

The observation of neutron interference using a triple Laue interferometer formed by two separate crystals opens the way to the construction and operation of skew-symmetric interferometers with extended arm separation and length. The specifications necessary for their successful operation are investigated here: most importantly, how the manufacturing tolerance and crystal alignments impact the interference visibility. In contrast with previous studies, both incoherent sources and the three-dimensional operation of the interferometer are considered.

Modulation of miR-29a and miR-29b Expression and Their Target Genes Related to Inflammation and Renal Fibrosis by an Oral Nutritional Supplement with Probiotics in Malnourished Hemodialysis Patients.

Malnutrition is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those on hemodialysis. Recently, our group described that a new oral nutritional supplement (ONS), specifically designed for malnourished (or at risk) hemodialysis patients with a "similar to the Mediterranean diet" pattern, improved caloric-protein intake, nutritional status and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidation. Our aim in this study was to evaluate whether the new ONS, associated with probiotics or not, may produce changes in miRNA's expression and its target genes in malnourished hemodialysis patients, compared to individualized diet recommendations.

Sports activity limitation during the COVID-19 pandemic in young Italian athletes: impact on mental health in children, adolescents, and young adults.

Introduction: The closure of sports centres was implemented as a preventive measure to mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Given the observed global decline in physical activity and concurrent rise in sedentary behaviour, even among younger age groups, a retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of this measure on mental health in children, adolescents, and young adults during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A total of 1,717 non-professional athletes (age range: 6-25; 53.

Crystal bending in triple-Laue X-ray interferometry. Part I. Theory.

The measured value of the (220) lattice-plane spacing of silicon 28 using scanning X-ray interferometry is essential to realize the kilogram by counting Si atoms. An assumption made is that the measured lattice spacing is the bulk value of an unstrained crystal forming the analyser of the interferometer. However, analytical and numerical studies of the X-ray propagation in bent crystals suggest that the measured lattice spacing might refer to the analyser surface.

Crystal bending in triple-Laue X-ray interferometry. Part II. Phase-contrast topography.

In a previous paper [Sasso (2023). , 707-715], the operation of a triple-Laue X-ray interferometer having the splitting or recombining crystal cylindrically bent was studied. It was predicted that the phase-contrast topography of the interferometer detects the displacement field of the inner crystal surfaces.

Modeling protected species distributions and habitats to inform siting and management of pioneering ocean industries: A case study for Gulf of Mexico aquaculture.

Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) provides a process that uses spatial data and models to evaluate environmental, social, economic, cultural, and management trade-offs when siting (i.e., strategically locating) ocean industries.

Neutron interference from a split-crystal interferometer.

The first successful operation of a neutron interferometer with a separate beam-recombining crystal is reported. This result was achieved at the neutron interferometry setup S18 at the ILL in Grenoble by a collaboration between TU Wien, ILL, Grenoble, and INRIM, Torino. While previous interferometers have been machined out of a single-crystal block, in this work two crystals were successfully aligned on nanoradian and picometre scales, as required to obtain neutron interference.

The Impact of Sport Activity Shut down during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Was It Worthwhile?

We conducted a national retrospective survey of 1764 athletes aged ≤25 years to investigate the benefit-risk balance of sport closure during the COVID-19 pandemic peaks in Italy. Univariate and multivariable analyses were carried out to investigate the association between sport practice during the study period and (1) the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in athletes and their families and (2) body mass index (BMI) change, and adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for physical activity. The percentage of subjects with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test was similar in those participating and not taking part into sport activities (11% vs.

SARS-CoV-2 Circulation in the School Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The contribution of children to viral spread in schools is still debated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies to investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the school setting. Literature searches on 15 May 2021 yielded a total of 1088 publications, including screening, contact tracing, and seroprevalence studies.

Defocused travelling fringes in a scanning triple-Laue X-ray interferometry setup.

The measurement of the silicon lattice parameter by a separate-crystal triple-Laue X-ray interferometer is a key step for the realization of the kilogram by counting atoms. Since the measurement accuracy is approaching nine significant digits, a reliable model of the interferometer operation is required to quantify or exclude systematic errors. This paper investigates both analytically and experimentally the effect of the defocus (the difference between the splitter-to-mirror and analyser-to-mirror distances) on the phase of the interference fringes and the measurement of the lattice parameter.

Space use patterns of sharks in relation to boat activity in an urbanized coastal waterway.

Aquatic ecosystems face numerous anthropogenic threats associated with coastal urbanization, with boat activity being among the most prevalent. The present study aimed to evaluate a potential relationship between boat activity and shark space use in Biscayne Bay, Florida (USA), a coastal waterway exposed to high levels of boating. Spatiotemporal patterns in boat density and traffic were determined from aerial surveys and underwater acoustic recorders, respectively.

The Implications of Changing Age and Weight at Slaughter of Heavy Pigs on Carcass and Green Ham Quality Traits.

Italian dry-cured ham production requires pigs to be slaughtered at 160 ± 16 kg at 9 months of age (control, C). The study explored three alternatives, based on different feeding conditions: (1) allowing pigs to express their growth potential by letting them reach 160 ± 16 kg slaughter weight (SW) at younger slaughter age (SA) (younger Age, YA); (2) allowing pigs to express their growth potential by maximizing their SW at 9 months SA (greater weight, GW); (3) increasing the SA required to reach 160 ± 16 kg SW (older age, OA). Pigs (336 C21 Goland, 95 kg initial body weight) were slaughtered on average at 257, 230, 257, and 273 d SA and 172.

The epigenetic role of breastfeeding in mammary differentiation.

Maternal milk consumption can cause changes in the mammary epithelium of the offspring that result in the expression of molecules involved in the induction of differentiation, reducing the risk of developing mammary cancer later in life. We previously showed that animals that maintained a higher intake of maternal milk had a lower incidence of mammary cancer. In the present study, we evaluated one of the possible mechanisms by which the consumption of maternal milk could modify the susceptibility to mammary carcinogenesis.

Fake tilts in differential wavefront sensing.

Two-beam interferometry is a tool of high-precision length-metrology, where displacements are measured to within sub-nanometer resolution and accuracy. Differential wavefront sensing - via phase detection by segmented photodiodes - adds the capability of simultaneously measuring the target translation and rotation. This paper gives an analytical model explaining the observation of fake tilts by a combined x-ray and optical interferometer.

Molecular mimicry between Larrea divaricata Cav. plant and a reference strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Currently, the world health sector faces a big problem due to the increase of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics. In 2017, the World Health Organization reported a list of resistant bacteria, among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa was present. This opportunistic pathogen is associated to nosocomial infections, and no effective vaccines against this bacterium have been found.

Human renal adipose tissue from normal and tumor kidney: its influence on renal cell carcinoma.

Tumor cells can interact with neighboring adipose tissue. We evaluated components present in human adipose explants from normal (hRAN) and kidney cancer (hRAT) tissue, and we evaluated the effects of conditioned media (CMs) from hRAN and hRAT on proliferation, adhesion and migration of tumor and non-tumor human renal epithelial cell lines. In addition, we evaluated the expression of AdipoR1, ObR, CD44, vimentin, pERK and pPI3K on cell lines incubated with CMs.

Telescope jitters and phase noise in the LISA interferometer.

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna aims to measure picometer changes of the 2.5 × 10 km sides of a triangular constellation of satellites. Each spacecraft hosts two telescopes that simultaneously transmit and receive laser beams measuring the constellation arms by heterodyning the received wavefronts with local references.

Effects of hypothyroidism on the mesenteric and omental adipose tissue in rats.

To characterize the influence of hypothyroidism on the endocrine activity of mesenteric and omental adipose tissue (MOAT) and the peripheral regulation of energy balance (EB) in rats, we analyzed food intake (FI); basal metabolic rate (BMR); locomotor activity; body weight (BW); serum hormone concentrations and the expression of their receptors in MOAT. We evaluated the morphology and differentiation of adipocytes. Hypothyroidism decreased FI, BMR and BW.

Estradiol and progesterone regulate proliferation and apoptosis in colon cancer.

Epidemiological studies describe estrogens as protectors in the development of colon cancer in postmenopausal women treated with hormone replacement therapy. However, the role of progesterone in colon cancer has been minimally studied and the results are controversial. For the above, the objective of this work was to determine the hormonal regulation exerted by natural ovarian steroids on proliferation and apoptosis in an experimental model of colon cancer in ovariectomized rats treated with 17-beta estradiol and progesterone.

High maternal milk intake in the postnatal life reduces the incidence of breast cancer during adulthood in rats.

Environmental factors during perinatal life can lead to changes in the mammary gland, making it susceptible to cancer in adulthood. Breastfeeding has a special importance since it takes place at a critical period of growth and development of the newborn. We aimed to analyze if an appropriate lactation protects the offspring against mammary carcinogenesis during adult life and explore the mechanisms involved in the protective effect.

Immunization with Larrea divaricata Cav. proteins elicits opsonic antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and induces phagocytic activity of murine macrophages.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen implicated in nosocomial infections for which no vaccines have been approved. Larrea divaricata Cav. (Jarilla) is a widely spread plant in America and it is used in folk medicine to treat several pathologies.

Human renal adipose tissue induces the invasion and progression of renal cell carcinoma.

We evaluated the effects of conditioned media (CMs) of human adipose tissue from renal cell carcinoma located near the tumor (hRATnT) or farther away from the tumor (hRATfT), on proliferation, adhesion and migration of tumor (786-O and ACHN) and non-tumor (HK-2) human renal epithelial cell lines. Human adipose tissues were obtained from patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and CMs from hRATnT and hRATfT incubation. Proliferation, adhesion and migration were quantified in 786-O, ACHN and HK-2 cell lines incubated with hRATnT-, hRATfT- or control-CMs.