Multidimensional program for insomnia in a cohort of people with HIV.

Objective: Sleep disorders (SD) are prevalent in people with HIV (PWH), but poorly addressed in HIV care. We evaluated the effectiveness of a multidimensional program for SD in an outpatient HIV clinic.

Methods: Interventional study in 175 PWH on ART suffering from insomnia.

Impact of oral early antiviral therapies for mild-moderate COVID-19 in the outpatient's setting during Omicron era: a pharmacoeconomic analysis.

Background: Molnupiravir (MOL) and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NIR) decreased mortality and hospital admissions in high-risk patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. Nevertheless, there is a lack of data about the pharmacoeconomic impact of these antivirals in the Omicron era. We conducted a pharmacoeconomic analysis assessing the medical costs of the use of these antivirals compared to those occurred in people who refused the treatment.

Immunogenicity and Determinants of Antibody Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine: A Longitudinal Study in a Cohort of People Living with HIV.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges worldwide, with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines critical in reducing morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the immunogenicity and antibody persistence of the BNT162b2 vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods: We monitored anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG concentration in a cohort of PLWH at five time points (T0-T4) using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIAs) at the baselined both during and after vaccination.

Assessing the performance of LumiraDx™ SARS-CoV-2 Ag test in detecting Omicron lineages: 2022-2023 study.

Background: The introduction of rapid antigen tests revolutionized the approach to SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, offering prompt and accurate results with high sensitivity and specificity. Although it is more cost- and time-saving than the gold standard, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the efficacy in general population screening in both hospital- and community-based settings remains unknown. Moreover, rapid antigen testing is limited by qualitative results.

Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in the liver transplant setting.

Bacterial infections pose a life-threatening complication in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure. An increasing prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) has been observed in these patients, significantly impacting prognosis. A growing body of evidence has identified the most common risk factors for such infections, enabling the development of preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions.

Weight excess and obesity are associated with binge-eating behaviours in people with HIV.

Objective: Binge eating is a mental health disorder related to weight gain, whose prevalence/correlation with weight excess in people with HIV (PWH) have been scarcely investigated.Design: A cross-sectional study of PWH who underwent the validated Binge Eating Scale (BES) questionnaire.

Methods: We included adult PWH during routine visits from October 2022 to February 2023.

Immune System Deficiencies Do Not Alter SARS-CoV-2 Evolutionary Rate but Favour the Emergence of Mutations by Extending Viral Persistence.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, immunosuppressed patients showed prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections, with several studies reporting the accumulation of mutations in the viral genome. The weakened immune system present in these individuals, along with the effect of antiviral therapies, are thought to create a favourable environment for intra-host viral evolution and have been linked to the emergence of new viral variants which strongly challenged containment measures and some therapeutic treatments. To assess whether impaired immunity could lead to the increased instability of viral genomes, longitudinal nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from eight immunocompromised patients and fourteen non-immunocompromised subjects, all undergoing SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Rewiring Endothelial Sphingolipid Metabolism to Favor S1P Over Ceramide Protects From Coronary Atherosclerosis.

Background: Growing evidence correlated changes in bioactive sphingolipids, particularly S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate) and ceramides, with coronary artery diseases. Furthermore, specific plasma ceramide species can predict major cardiovascular events. Dysfunction of the endothelium lining lesion-prone areas plays a pivotal role in atherosclerosis.

Changing Prevalence of AIDS and Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers in an Incident Cohort of People Living with HIV over 28 Years.

Background: The introduction and evolution of antiretrovirals has changed the panorama of comorbidities in people living with HIV (PLWH) by reducing the risk of AIDS-defining cancers (ADC). By contrast, due to ageing and persistent inflammation, the prevalence and incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers have significantly increased. Therefore, we aimed at describing cancer epidemiology in our cohort over 28 years.

Use of different anticholinergic scales and their correlation with anticholinergic symptom burden in a cohort of people living with HIV.

Objectives: How to detect the clinical impact of anticholinergic (AC) burden in people with HIV (PWH) remains poorly investigated. We cross-sectionally described the prevalence and type of AC signs/symptoms and the screening accuracy of three AC scales in detecting their presence in a modern cohort of PWH.

Methods: We calculated AC Burden Scale (ABS), AC Risk Score (ARS) and AC Drug Score (ADS) in 721 adult PWH and recorded the presence of AC signs/symptoms over the previous 3 months.

Cefiderocol-Based versus Colistin-Based Regimens for Severe Carbapenem-Resistant Infections: A Propensity Score-Weighted, Retrospective Cohort Study during the First Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: A large increase in multi-drug-resistant , especially carbapenem-resistant strains, occurred during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, posing important challenges in its treatment. Cefiderocol appeared to be a good option for the treatment of Carbapenem-resistant (CR-Ab), but to date, the guidelines and evidence available are conflicting.

Methods: We retrospectively included a group of patients with CR-Ab infections (treated with colistin- or cefiderocol-based regimens) at Padua University Hospital (August 2020-July 2022) and assessed predictors of 30-day mortality, and differences in microbiological and clinical treatment.

Changing patterns and clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 severe pneumonia treated with remdesivir according to vaccination status: results from a real-world retrospective study.

Since the beginning of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many drugs have been purposed for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Remdesivir emerged as an encouraging antiviral drug for patients with documented severe COVID-19-related pneumonia. Although several studies about remdesivir effectiveness exist, no study investigated the effect of the combination of remdesivir with the vaccination status.

Risk of hospitalization and sequelae in patients with COVID-19 treated with 3-day early remdesivir vs. controls in the vaccine and Omicron era: A real-life cohort study.

Recently, a benefit from administration of a 3-day course of early remdesivir (ER) in the outpatients' setting was reported. However, real-life data on its use is scarce. Therefore, we explored the ER clinical outcome in our outpatients' s cohort, compared to untreated controls.

Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir: Tolerability, Safety, and Adherence in a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Molnupiravir (MOL) and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NIR) were recently approved for the early treatment of COVID-19, but real-life data on tolerability, safety, and adverse events (AEs) are still scarce.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all patients who were prescribed MOL and NIR at the Infectious Diseases Unit of Padua University Hospital, between January and May 2022. Demographic, clinical, and safety variables were recorded.

Sleep disturbances and their correlation with cardiovascular risk, obesity, and mood disorders in people with HIV.

Background: The relationship between sleep disorders (SDs), cardiovascular risk (CVR), and mood disorders (MDs) has been studied in detail in the general population, but far less in people with HIV (PWH).

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis in single centre cohort of PWH. Sleep quality was assessed using by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); anxiety and depression were evaluated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

Exploratory data on the clinical efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern.

Background: Recent in-vitro data have shown that the activity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) varies according to the variant of concern (VOC). No studies have compared the clinical efficacy of different mAbs against Omicron VOC.

Methods: The MANTICO trial is a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical efficacy of early treatments with bamlanivimab/etesevimab, casirivimab/imdevimab, and sotrovimab in outpatients aged 50 or older with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection.