Honing action competence in sustainable development: what happens in classrooms matters.

In effectiveness literature, voices are rising to embrace learning contents beyond mathematics, science, and language. Meanwhile, international policy documents such as the United Nations 2019 Climate Action Summit Report point at the importance of action for sustainable development for establishing acceptable life conditions for current and future generations. Therefore, a candidate learning outcome for broadening effectiveness research's scope is action competence in sustainable development (ACiSD), which consists of the relevant knowledge, willingness, capacity expectations, and outcome expectancy regarding actions for sustainable development.

Detection of tympanic membrane movement using film patch with integrated strain gauge, assessed by optical coherence tomography: experimental study.

Objective: We report an ex vivo and in vivo experimental study of a device designed to measure tympanic membrane movement under normal and pathological conditions, assessed using optical coherence tomography.

Materials And Methods: We designed two types of flexible, round film patch with integrated strain gauge, to be attached to the tympanic membrane in order to measure tympanic membrane movement. Tympanic membrane attachment was assessed using optical coherence tomography.

[Tensometry - development of a measurement technique of the tube function in a temporal bone model].

Objective: Middle ear pressure depends widely on the function of the eustachian tube. Tube dysfunction is often a trigger for middle ear diseases like chronic otitis media but also for barotrauma. Patients with impaired tubal function should not be exposed to situations with extreme pressure changes.

New arguments to explain the high infection rate in posttraumatic spleenless patients.

To get more information about the high infection rate in splenectomized adult patients 211 spleenless patients were investigated with regard to clinical and laboratory data and compared to healthy blood donors. The results show that the infection rate is markedly increased to 30%. Splenectomized patients have decreased IgG levels which is due to diminished IgG1 and IgG4.

The influence of age and particle number on absorption of polystyrene particles from the rat gut.

The bioavailability of polystyrene particles (1 microns) labelled with FITC (3M Company, Düsseldorf) was tested in rats after enteral administration. Since macromolecules and particles are preferentially transported in the lymph, the number of particles was counted in the lymph of the thoracic duct over a 6 h period. Uptake in young rats (6-8 wk) was compared with that in 5 and 9 mo animals.

Intraocular lens dislocation in the bag.

We report a case in which an intraocular lens dislocated entirely within the capsular bag. The patient was myopic with a large anterior segment. A standard 5 mm x 6 mm phaco profile intraocular lens was found to be completely dislocated on the fifth postoperative day.

The effect of topical treatment by timolol versus pilocarpine on visual field progression in chronic simple glaucoma.

The objective of this study was to compare the intraocular pressure-lowering capacity, tolerability, and visual field conservation of topical timolol and pilocarpine at the concentrations usually prescribed.

Effect of timolol versus pilocarpine on visual field progression in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Background: Relatively few studies have been conducted linking decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP) to preservation of visual field. This investigation was conducted to determine if this link could be made and to compare the long-term effect of two ocular hypotensive agents on preservation of visual field.

Methods: In an observer-masked study, 189 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma received either timolol or pilocarpine by random allocation.

The role of cavitational activity in fragmentation processes by lithotripters.

The role of cavitation during shock wave exposure was poorly understood until now. Cavitational activity produces severe damage to nearby surfaces due to multiple high-speed liquid jets resulting from bubble collapse. These jet impacts can be made visible by microscopy.

Experiences with lithotripters: measurements of standardized fragmentation.

A comparison of lithotripters in terms of the fragmentation efficacy was established by using artificial stones. Two hundred pulses were applied to identical calcium sulphate cubes at varied energy levels of different lithotripters. In the cubics the shock waves formed regular craters, which could be analyzed with regard to depth, diameter, and volume.

The mechanisms of stone disintegration by shock waves.

Through interpretation of high-speed films at 10,000 frames per second of shock wave action on kidney stones and gallstones, the mechanism of stone destruction was analyzed in detail. This shows that the interaction of the shock wave with the targets firstly produces fissures in the stone material. Liquid then enters these small cracks.

Rapid insorption of small particles in the gut.

Little is known about the uptake of small particles by the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. In our study, we investigated the absorption and transport of synthetic and natural particles by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In Wistar rats, closed loops of jejunum with intact mesenteric blood supply were established in ether anesthesia so that we might study the absorption of latex particles of different sizes.

[Principles of particle resorption in the gastrointestinal tract].

The uptake of allergens by the epithelium of gastrointestinal tract is not sufficiently investigated. This is true especially for the absorption of small particles like spores and pollen. By means of scanning-electron-microscopy it is possible to locate particles easily and to observe absorption solutions of 0.

[Can macromolecules be absorbed and what effect does the immune status have on it?].

It was shown by means of radioactive labelling that adult animals and humans are also able to absorb protein intact in its biological active form from the gastro-intestinal tract. A large part of these macromolecules retains their original biological activity. Depending on size, particles (polls, synthetic particles) can also be absorbed.

[Surgical indications in isolated splenic diseases].

In clinical routine isolated diseases of spleen are rare manifestations. Absolute criteria for splenectomy are massive bleeding, malignancy, hypertrophic cysts and signs of perforation. Most other cases are relative indications for total splenectomy.

[Oxygen supply of the human small intestine in mechanical ileus].

In 16 patients operated on for mechanically caused ileus and in 12 control patients (cholecystectomy) local PO2 of the small bower wall was determined by means of a multiwire Pt surface electrode constructed by Kessler and Lübbers. The ileus patients showed an increased pulse rate of 110 (90-115) vs 90 (80-110) beats/min and creatinine levels of 1.06 (0.

Overwhelming infection after splenectomy in spite of some spleen remaining and splenosis. A case report.

A fatal case of overwhelming postsplenectomy pneumococcal sepsis is presented occurring in a 37-year-old female 11 years after removal of the spleen because of traumatic rupture. The patient died 11 h after admission to hospital and about 32 h after sudden onset of illness. At necropsy splenic tissue, splenosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thrombi within the arterioles consisting of gram-positive cocci and adrenal hemorrhage were found.

The effect of amygdala kindling on spontaneous and cocaine-induced motor activity and lidocaine seizures.

Interactions of amygdala kindling and drug effects were explored in two experiments. Pretreatment with cocaine (40 mg/kg, IP) for 10 days did not significantly affect the rate of amygdala kindling compared to saline or non-kindled controls. In contrast, daily amygdala kindling with 200 microA for 0.